英语雅思语法——时态语态

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雅思高分语法 ——语态时态

• 时态构成公式
  • 现在/过去+将来+完成+进行
    • 现在/过去 +will do +have done +be doing
• 发生在过去
  • 一般过去时(did was/were) 已完成，强调结果
    • 过去某特定时间的动作或状态
    • 过去经常反复发生的动作
    • 例题
      • I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I （） there several years ago. A.are going B.had been C.went D.have been
        • C
      • He ( ) football regularly for many years when he was young. A.was playing B.played C.has played D.had played
        • B
  • 过去进行时（was/were doing） 当时未完成，当时的背景，强调过程
    • 过去某个时间正在发生 1.强调当时没有完成 2.为其他动作提供背景(When, While)
      • 例句：It happened at five in the afternoon while she was watching the news on TV.
      • 例题 I called Hannah many times yesterday evening,but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____on the phone all the time！ A was talking B has been talking C has talked D talked
        • A
      • Yesterday afternoon,he ____me apictrue in oils.Now let me show it to you . B Yesterday afternoon,he ____me apictrue in oils.Now I'm going to see whether he has finished it. A A was painting B painted
      • I 【had】(1.have) a wonderful biology teacher , Mrs Hughes . She 【made】 (2.make) us excited about the subject because she was so interested herself . I remember one lesson in particular ; we【were studying】(3.study) different types of plants , and Mrs Hughes 【was describing】(4.describe ) the different parts of the flower . She 【picked up】(5.pick up ) a purple flower , I can ' t remember exactly what it was , and then suddenly we 【noticed】 (6.notice) that she【 was crying 】（7.cry )! She 【apologised】 (8.apologise )and 【said】(9.say)that sometimes nature was so beautiful it just made her cry ! We 【didn ' t know】 (10.not/ know ) what to do at first ,but it certainly 【made】 (11.make) us think . Something similar 【happened】 (12.happen) while she 【was showing】 (13.show) us how to work the microscope.She 【was examining】(14.examine) a slide of some plant tissue and she 【was smiling】 (15. smile ) all over her face . She suddenly 【got】(16.get) all excited and 【said】 (17.say),' Isn ' t it wonderful ?'Some students【laughed】（8. laugh ) at her When she 【was'nt looking】(19.not/ look ). but I didn ' t .Somehow herentusiasm 【inspired】 (20.inspire) me , and 【started】 (21.start) to like biology .
  • 过去完成时（had done） 过去的过去
    • 过去的某时刻前已发生 注：若连续发生用did
  • 过去完成进行时
    • 动作时间长，过去发生还没做完
      • had been doing
  • 例题
    • The moment I got home , I found my jacket ____on the playground . A . had left B . left C . haveleft D . was leaving
      • B
    • Last year my friends 【arranged】(1.arrange) for us to try fire-walking , which is when you walk on hot coals。 【had always been】(2. always / be )fascinated by it and I 【 had heard 】 people say it was an unforgettable experience . I was very excited when I 【arrived 】(4.arrive) on the day , although beforehand I 【had been feeling】 (5.feel) a little frightened ! My friends and I【had come】（6.come) in the hope that by the end of the day we would be able to say we 【had walked】（7.walk ) across hot , burning coals . Our teacher was very good , and / by teatime we 【had learnt】（8.learnt ) a great deal and 【had prepared】(9.prepare ) the fires . I 【had expected】 (10.expect) to be terrified when the time came to walk , but I【took off】 （11.take off ) my shoes and socks I【didn't feel】(12.not/ feel )afraid . I 【approached】 (13.approach) the coals as all my friends before me 【had done】(14.do), and started walking ！ I could feel the heat , but as I 【stepped】(5.step) back onto the grass at the other end I knew the coals【hadn't burnt】 (16.not/ burn ) my feet at all. As I 【had hoped】(17.hope ), all my friends 【managed】 (18. manage ) the walk and none of us were burnt . The whole experience was amazing , and I just wished I 【had done】 (19.do) it sooner .
• 发生在现在
  • 一般现在时
    • 现阶段习惯性动作
    • 表示进行状态
    • 主将从现
      • 条件状语从句if：unless，as long as等。
      • 让步状语从句：ever，even if等。
      • 让步状语从句:ever;even if等
    • 例题
      • You're drinking too much. Only at home.No one ______me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C.sees D.saw
        • C
      • The wet weather will continuetomorrow when a cold frontto arrive. A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected
        • A
      • What will you do if it_____ tomorrow ?--We have to carry it on , since we've got everything ready A . rain B.rains C. will rain D. is raining
        • B
      • Months ago we sailed ten thousand milesacross this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A . was called B is called C . had been called D . has been called
        • B
  • 现在进行时
    • 1.片段性（此刻正在发生） 2.阶段性（目前阶段一直发生）
    • 特殊点： 强调变化趋势，发展进展 语气，态度
    • 例题
      • Have you got any job offers? - No.I _______ A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting
        • D
      • 1.I'm busy right now. I am filling in (fill in) anapplication from for a new job. 2. My tutor sees (see) me for a tutoriaevery Monday at two o'clock. 3John isn't study (not/study) every hard at(not/think) hellthe moment.pass his exams. 4.What is he doing?(he/do) He is trying (try)to fix the television aerial. 5.Animals breathe in (breathe in) oxygen and give out (give out) carbon dioxide. 6. Be quiet! I want(want) to hear the news. 7. In my country we drive (drive) on theright-hand side of the road. 8.My friend Joe's parents are traveling(travel)round the world this summer, and probablywon't be back for a couple of months. 9. The college runs (run) the samecourse eveny year. 10. Numbers of wild butterflies are falling (fall)as a result of changes in farming methods.
  • 现在完成时
    • 延续性动作，持续到现在 I have lived here for 3 years. 短暂性动作，现在仍这样 I have collected plenty of information. 过去到现在，该动作反复发生 I have called him three times.
      • it is/was the first/second time that +现在完成时/过去完成时
        • This is the first time that i've ever needed an operation.
      • This is/was the+最高级 +名词that+现在完成时/过去完成时
        • This is the ugliest baby that i've ever seen in my life.
      • 时间状语从句：when，before，as，soon as等。
      • 现在完成时+since+一般过去时
    • 例题
      • I like these English songs and they _____many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
        • D
      • 现在完成时+ since+一般过去时 ___you____Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes, since she _____the Chinese Society. A. Have known ;joined B.Did know ; joins C. Have known ; had joined D. Did known; joined
        • A
  • 现在完成进行时
    • 发生在说话前 持续到说话时（刚停或仍进行) 比完成时多了进展和语气
    • 例题
      • Cathy is taking notes of the grammaticalrules in class at Sunshine School, where she_____ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
        • D
• 发生在将来
  • 一般将来时
    • Will do(预测临时决定)
    • Is/are going to do（有计划）
    • be about to do 即将，马上，常与when连用
    • 例句
      • Tell me all about it and I will pass onthe information to the rest of the team. We are going to hire a bus
      • I am about to go to the airport when he calls me.
  • 将来进行时
    • 将来的那个具体时候，正在做
      • will be doing
        • I will be working on the report then.
  • 将来完成时
    • 截止到将来某个时间，已经完成
      • will have done
        • I will have finished it next friday.
  • 将来完成进行时
    • 截止到将来某个时间已经做了多久 截止到：by until before 做多久：for+段
      • will have been+现在分词
        • By next Friday.，I will have been working here for ten years
  • 例题
    • Teacher: What 【will you be doing】(1.you/do)this time next year? Student I: Well,that's difficult to say but I hope that I【will be traveling】(2.travel)round the world before then I 【will hopefully have saved up 】enough money for the ticket,I plan to end up in Australia and when I(get)(4.get)there I'll get a job and earn some money.
    • Teacher:What do you plan to do when you graduate? Student2:Well,my plans have changed a bit.I【was going to do 】(7.do)a journalism course,but I didn't get accepted.So I've started something else out and I【will be starting】(8.start)a hospitallity course tomorrow,actually.
    • It's for six months,so I 【will not have finished】(9.not/finish)in time to go traveling next spring ,unfortunatlly.However,as soon as 【I find out】 (10.find out)if I've passed the course,I can apply for a job in a hotel in Australia. 主将从现