中英对比研究

A comparative study of language, culture and thinking patterns between English and Chinese

A comparative study of language, culture and thinking patterns between English and Chinese

• similarities
  • vocabulary
    • Similar categorization/division of parts of speech Noun,verb,adjective,pronoun,adverb and numeral exist in both languages.
    • Same or similar reference of the concept expressed by a word(equivalence in meaning)• proper names: PRC,The Atlantic • common words:helicopter,dog,sky,breakfast
  • syntax
    • Similar sentence elements
      • subject,predicate,object,attribute,adverbial complement
    • Similar basic sentence pattern
      • SV/SVO/SVOC
• differences
  • mode of thinking
    • English:parataxis;Chinese:hypotaxis(英语重形合，汉语重意合)
      • English:formal cohesion and coherence, individualized thinking,analytic (形合)
      • Chinese:synthetic,abstract,suggestive (意合)
    • English:focal-point perspective(焦点视)；Chinese:discrete-point perspective (散点视)
    • English:a strong sense of objectivity(客体意识强) Chinese: a strong sense of subjectivity(主体意识强)
      • 英语：主客体二分
      • 汉语: 天人合一
    • Differences in reasoning, percepetion of time andspace,etc. (英汉语在时空观等方面的差异性)
  • language
    • Chinese:Sino-Tibetan,synthetic English:Indo-European,analytic
      • Differences in lexical system
      • Difffernces in word-building
      • Differences in using words
      • Differences in lexical meaning
      • Differences in word order
      • Differences in sentence structure
      • Differences in sentence expansion
  • culture
    • Culture is...that complex whole which includes knowledge,art, belief,morals, law, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
      • differences in cultural translation
      • Differences in history and geography(历 史地理差异)
      • Differences in religion and custom (宗教 习俗差异)
      • Differences in values (价值观念差异)
      • Differences in literature and art (文学艺 术差异)
      • Differences in social interactions (社交礼 仪差异)