双宾语 间宾和直宾间常使用介词(to,for)连接,表达目的或方向
Tell me your stories.
复合宾语 取决于宾语前所使用的谓语动词
补语(object complement)
宾语补足语
双宾语没有逻辑上的主谓关系:Please hand me a pen.
复合宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系:The coach is watching his team playing football.
主语补足语
He was elected president.
定语(attributive/attribute)
一般可由形容词、数词、代词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当
状语(adverbial)
副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、状语从句
同位语(appositive)
限制性和非限制性两种 前者与前面的关系词比较密切,后者常有逗号隔开
插入语(parenthesis)呼唤语 感叹语
句子的种类和简单句的句型
1.根据功能划分:陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
2.根据结构划分
⑴简单句,只有一个主语和谓语(五种基本句型,详见“3”)
⑵并列句,指由and,but,or等连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句
Tom ran out of the room and dashed into the darkness.
⑶复杂句,指某个句子成分直接由从属分句(名词性从句:主、宾、表、同位语从句,状语从句,定语从句)充当的句子
What he said at the meeting surprised all of us.(主)
The boy can stay at the room so long as he keeps quiet.(状)
The man whom I met in the street that day is one of my former classmates.(定)
⑷并列复杂句,指并列句中包含有一个或一个以上的复杂句作为其并列成分
He didn’t ask me for help, but he turned to Wang Lin,because they have been good friends for years.
3.五种基本句型
⑴主语+谓语(vi 无被动语态)The car accident was happened last night when it was foggy.
⑵主语+谓语+表语 It’s getting warmer and warmer.
⑶主语+谓语+宾语(vt)She likes reading.
⑷主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 He found his new book broken.
⑸主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 I sent her a scarf as the birthday gift.