宾语从句

这是一篇关于宾语从句的思维导图，主要内容包括：宾从的简化，宾从否定迁移（三个条件），宾从的时态，引导词，宾从语序，分类，概念。

宾语从句

• 概念
  • 宾语是句子的从句叫宾语从句。
• 分类
  • 动词+宾从
    • 独立动词 I believe I can make it.
    • 动词+副词 Can you find out how many problems we have?
    • 动词短语 Make sure that you can get here on time.
  • 介词+宾从
    • We're talking about who will be the winner.
  • 形容词+宾从
    • I'm glad that you can come here.
    • I'm sorry that I've troubled you so long.
• 宾从否定迁移（三个条件）
  • 主语为I we第一人称
  • 主句谓语动词是表示心理活动的动词 如：think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，consider等
  • 主句时态为一般现在时
  • 例句 I don't believe he will come here on time.
• 宾从的简化
  • 宾从的主语和主句的主语相同
  • 谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree等时
• 宾从的时态
  • 主现从随变
    • I know he'll come back next week.
    • I know he likes English.
    • I know he came back last month.
  • 主过从也过
    • He didn't tell us he came from Beijing.
    • He decided that he would go to Beijing next month.
  • 真理永一现
    • The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
• 宾从语序
  • 陈述语序 （主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他）
  • 特殊：(既是引导词，又是从句主语）
    • What's the matter ?
    • What's wrong?
    • What happened to ……？
    • Who is singsing in the next room ?
• 引导词
  • that 大多数为陈述句，that不作句子成分，无意义，通常可以省略。 不能省略that的情况
    • 主语与宾从之间有插入语时 It says, on the card, that it is made in China.
    • 有多个并列宾从时，第一个可以省略，后面的不能 He said (that) the book was interesting and that many children like reading it.
    • 当宾从主语是this，that或被this， that修饰时 The teacher said that(引导词） that word was wrong.
    • it做形式宾语，从句为真正主语时 I think it very important that we take part in the discussion.
  • if/whether 在句中不作成分，但不能省略 只能用whether的情况
    • 在不定式前 I can't decide whether to stay.
    • 介词后的宾从 I'm thinking of whether we should go shopping.
    • 宾从提前时，即置于句首表强调 Whether she lives here, I want to know.
    • 与 or not 连用
      • I can't say whether or not he'll come on time.(只能用whether）
      • I don't know whether /if he'll come or not.（whether与 or not分开时，可以用if）
  • 特殊疑问词引导
    • 连接代词 what who whom whose which……
    • 连接副词 when where how……