导图社区 英语动词不定式
这是一篇关于动词不定式的思维导图,介绍了英语中动词不否定形式和不定式否定形式的相关知识点。动词的不同时态,包括“一般时”、“不定式时态”、“完成时”和“进行时”。详细列出了“动词不定式”的否定形式,指出在“to”前直接加“not”是最常见的否定方式,列举了动词不定式在句子中可以充当的各种成分,包括“作主语”、“作宾语”、“作表语”、“作定语”、“作宾语补足语”和“作状语”。帮助学习者系统地掌握英语中动词不否定形式和不定式否定形式的使用规则和技巧。
编辑于2024-06-07 17:21:53动词不定式
不定式时态
一般时
to do
完成时
to have done
进行时
to be doing
不定式被动语态
一般时
to be done
完成时
to have been done
不定式否定形式
在to前直接加not,有时也可用never来表否定
不定式功能
作主语
表某次的具体行为(对比;动名词作主语表泛指),谓语动词用单数
To see is to believe.
三种情况
直接作主语
it直接作主语
特殊疑问句+to do短语作主语
常考句型
It+be+形容词+to do sth.
it is nice not to be dependent on others.
It +be+形容词+for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是
以下形容词通常多数情况用for sb 作逻辑主语:casy, hard, ditficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous,unusual,wonderful...
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It+be+名词+to do sth.
It was not his habit to ask people for things.
It +be+形容词+ofsb. to do sth, 某人做某事很
此处形容词多是表示赞扬、责备的形容词,用来描述某人的性格、品质。即wTong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless,greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous, considerate...
It was selfish ofhim not to contribute anything.
It动词+(+宾语)to do sth
It takes a lot of more guts(胆量)for a woman to resign than for a man.
It+be+ 介词短语+to do sth.
It is beyond my power to answer this question.
作宾语
不定式可在 intend(打算),plan(计划),expect( 期望),pretend(假装),would likce/ love prefer(想要,喜欢),wish(希望),decide(决定),agrce(同意),help(帮助),manage(设法),persuade(说服),refuse(拒绝),scem/ appear(好像),promise (答应),attempu(企图),choose(选择),lear(学习),fail(失败),afford(付得起)等后作宾语。
有些动词跟不定式作宾语与跟动词 ing 形式意义较大
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 未做
forget doingsth.忘记做过某事 已做
regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 未做
regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔 已做
remember to do sth.记得去做某事 未做
remember doing sth.记得做过某事 已做
stop to do sth.停下来做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
go on to do sth.继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can't help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语:
在feel,find, make, think,consider, believe等动词后,如果宾语带有宾语补足语时,人们常常用i作形式宾语,而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.
用于 be +adj.tto do 这一结构这类形容词有:able, afraid, angry, anxious,careful, clever, content, cruel, determined,disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised,willing...
The river is dangerous to swim in.
作表语
表示主语的具体内容、目的、期望、预期结果;表示将来,为“即将”之意,主语通常是以下名词
目标与计划:aim, goal, purpose, plan, intention
梦想与希望:dream, wish, hope,ambition
建议:suggestion, advice, idea
职责: duty, job, role, task
其他:difficulty, method, problem, way
当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词 all 或者主语被only,first,one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时,其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。
All he wanted was to stay alone.
以What引导的主语从句,常用不定式作表语,说明主语的内容
What he wants is to solve thc problem.
当主语中有 do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。前有do,后省to
作定语
动词不定式作定语时,在时间上倾向于表示将来。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
固定句型sb. have/has sth. to do 和 there be sth. to do.
He complains he has too much homework to do.
当被修饰词是序数词或者被 the last,the only;the next 序数词等修饰时,常常用to do做定语
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
修饰 abiliby, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。
The ability to cxpress an idea is as important as the idca itself
作宾语补足语
很多动词后跟不定式作宾语补足语 ask invite/ warn/ cause/ advise/ permit/ encourage/ persuade/ tell/ teach/ would like/remind/ urge/ want/ desire/ prefer/ expect request/ order/ allow/ consider(认为)orce/beg/ oblige(追使,帮忙)等
I am writing to invite you to join us.
下列动词(短语)接省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语:“一感”feal),"二听”Chear, listen to),”三使"(Iet, havs, meke),五看"(sec, notice, observe, watch,look al),“半帮助"(help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。(注意:hops,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语,即只有:hope to do sth; suggest (sb) doing sth.)
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.
(被动句)The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.
作状语
不定式作状语主要作目的状语,可以置于句尾,此时不用逗号与句子隔开,如果置于句首通常用逗号与句子隔开。当用 so as to 和 in order to 的时候,so as to一般不置于句首
不定式作结果状语,常用于以下句型 such/so...as to do; too...to; enough to do;only /just to do 表示出乎意料之外的结果
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
.有些形容词后面跟不定式,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。常用形容词多与表示情感或心理状态有关,如sorry,glad, detemnined, willing, ready,,surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。