unit 8 teaching vocabulary

833，王蔷，词汇教学的目的是帮助学生掌握一定数量的词汇，理解其含义和用法，以便能够进行有效的语言交流和表达。重要性：词汇是语言的基本单位，是理解和表达的基础。掌握足够的词汇量是提高听、说、读、写能力的基础。同时，词汇教学有助于增强学生的语言学习兴趣，提高他们的自主学习能力。

unit 8 teaching vocabulary

• what
  • what does knowing a word involve
    • knowing a word means knowing
      • its pronunciation and stress
      • its spelling and grammatical properties
      • its meaning
      • how and when to use it to express the intended meaning
    • learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself. Lexical items can be phrases, clauses or sentences
  • denotative meaning and connotative meaning
    • vocabulary learning "involves at least two aspects of meaning. The first aspect involves the understanding of ites denotative and conotative meaning. The second aspect involves understanding the sense relations among words
      • according to Hedge
    • Denotative meaning字面意义，外延
      • the primary, literal or explicit meaning of a word, which refers to "those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world.
    • connotative meaning 隐含意义，内涵
      • the meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning
  • sense relations
    • collocations
      • words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepted as ways for the use of words
    • synonyms
      • items that mean the same, or nearly the same
    • antonyms
      • items that mean the opposite of a word
    • hyponyms下义词 words which can be grouped together under the same superordinate (上义词 concept
  • receptive and productive vocabulary
    • Be aware of the distinction between receptive/passive and productive/active vocabulary
    • receptive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing
    • productive vocabublary
      • words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing
• why
  • assumptions about vocabulary learning
    • vocabulary items can be words, compounds, phrases, sentences
    • not every single word has an equivalent in another language, eg.the
    • vocabulary can be taught
    • both teachers and students should be aware of the difference between active and passive vocabulary, and then treat them differently
    • translation is not the best way to explain new words
    • english-english explanations are not the best.there are many other more effective ways.
    • an english-english dictionary is very helpful
    • it is more effective when words of related meaning are taught and learned together
    • studying vocabulary in language contexts are more effective
    • forgetting is inevitable. but if words are frequently used, they are less easy to forget
• how
  • the way to present new vocabulary
    • context
      • provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning
      • relate words too contexts in real life
      • provide different contexts
    • 词块教学
      • use synonyms or antonyms
      • use lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings
      • teach vocabulary in chunks
    • 调动所有感官
      • provide a visual or physical demonstration
      • translate and exemplify, if words with abstract meaning
      • use word formation rules
    • prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion
  • conclusion
    • for effective teaching vocabulary, it is always useful for a teacher to have a repertiore of teaching so that he/she can choose a technique according to type of vocabulary and different age level of the learner.
    • it is important to note that after presenting new vocabulary, the teaher shuold try to provide opportunities for students to use multiple senses to get familiar with the newly learned words
    • it is important for the teacher to create meaningful and personalized tasks for the students to use the words in their own ways.
  • what are some effective ways to consolidate vocabulary
    • 低龄
    • 趣味
      • labelling
      • decribe and draw
      • play a game
      • word bingo
    • 词块
      • use word series
      • word association
      • find synonyms and antonyms
      • categories
      • using word net-work
      • using the internet resources for more ideas
  • how do we help students develop vocabulary learning strategies
    • review again
    • guess meaning from context
    • contextual clue
      • the topic, the grammatical structure, meaning connect between the given word and other words, linguistic pattern
    • organize vocabulary effectively
    • use a dictionary
      • what dictionary
      • how to use
      • what to look for, when to use
    • keep a vocabulary notebook
      • in different formats
    • manage strategy use
      • self-evaluate
      • share experience
• task 5