定语从句

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。

定语从句 Attributive Clause

• 引导词
  • 1) 关系代词: 指人 who(主宾),whom(宾),that 指物 which(主宾),that 2) 关系副词作状语：when,where(前两个都可用介+which替代); why(可用for which替代) 3) whose作定语“...的”: 指人/物 A的B, 也可替换成of which(物)/of whom(人) 解题技巧： (1)从句不完整缺成分,用关代: +不及物动词+ 介词+ (2)从句完整,先行词具有表时间、地点、原因(reason/excuse)特征，用关系副词 (3)主从句完整且先行词和主语存在A和B关系，用whose
    • The man who lives in that house is my uncle.(缺主语)
    • That is the girl (who/whom,that) I met at the party yesterday.(缺宾语met sb.)
    • The audience which is compesed of students is largest than ever. (which除了指物外，还可指人的属性，如身份、职业、地位等)
    • She remembered the day when/on which he had first walked into her office.(on the day) We then moved to Paris,where/in which we lived for 6 years. (in Paris)
    • You're the only one (whose/of whom) advice he may listen to.(你的建议) You live in a room (whose/of which) window opens to the south.(房子的窗户)
  • 判断介词的方法： (1)when/where=介+which ； why=for which a.看先行词搭配 b看从句谓语搭配 (2)situation/condition/point/stage/case ➡️ where occasion ➡️ when the way ➡️ that/which/省略
    • I remember the day when/on which I met her. (on the day)
    • She is the person on whom I can rely. (rely on)
    • He showed me the point where I failed. There are occasions when/on which one must yield. I don't like the way (which) he treats me.
  • 只用that情况： (1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,none,few等不定代词时 (2)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时 (3)当先行词被no,every,any, only,very,much等限定词修饰时 (4)当先行词有人又有物时 (5)当先行词为主句的表语或关系代词为从句的表语时 (6)there be句型中，且先行词为物时 (7)当先行词前有who,which,what等特殊代词时
    • All that we need is the support from you.
    • The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
    • He is the only person that I want to see.
    • The passengers and parcels that filled the car were mixed.
    • Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. (it used to be sth. that作表语)
    • There is a room in the building that is still free.
    • Who is the lady that is waiting at the school gate.
• 非限制定从 (先行词一般是专有名词/物主代词)
  • 与限定定从区别： (1)非限制定从关系词不可省 (2)whom在非限定从中作宾语时，不可用who替代 (3)非限制定从等先行词可以为整个句子，此时可用which/in which case/ at which point/on which occasion引导
    • A young man had a new gril friend, whom he wanted to impress. (非限定whom作宾语时不可用who)
    • I may have to work late, in which case I'll telephone you. (先行词为整个句子，"在这种情况下")
  • 1、as与which引导的非限定从区别： as : 只指代整个句子 ；引导从句时表"正如"; 可在主句前中后 which: 可整句也可是主句中一部分 ；表示具体内容 ; 只能放在主句后 2、只能用as情况：当先行词由as/so/such修饰(such/so...as...; the same...as...)
    • Air,as is well-known,contains some kinds of gas. The night has turned cold,as is usual around here.(...在这一带通常如此)
    • I called him bt the wrong name, for which mistake I apologzied. (...对此为表道歉)
    • He was very happy,as/which could be seen from his face.
    • He is such a nice boy as everyone likes him. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
  • 定语从句和同位语从句的区别： (1)定从的关系词要在从句中充当成分,有时候可省略； 而同位语从句的引导词不充当成分且不可省。 (2)定从不能用whether,how等连词引导；而同位语从句可以 (3)定从相当于形容词，对先行词n.进行修饰或限定； 而同位语从句相当于名词，对名词性成分加以补充说明具体内容
    • The fact that he had not said angthing surprised everybody.（同从,解释这个fact）
    • The fact that you are talking about is imoortant.(定从作宾 talk about sth.)