导图社区 虚拟语气
这是一个关于虚拟语气的思维导图,它系统地梳理了英语语法中虚拟语气的用法、规则及其在句子中的表达功能。
编辑于2024-08-26 19:53:51虚拟语气
条件状语从句if
现在事实相反
从句:did/were
主句:should/would/could/might+do
过去事实相反
从句:had done
主句:should/would/could/might+have done
将来事实相反
从句:①did/were ② should+do ③ were to do
主句:should/would/could/might+do
母表
条件句省略if
虚拟条件句中出现were , had , should 等助动词可以省略if并把助动词放在句首
Were I meet him tomorrow , I should ask him about it. 如果明天见到他,我会问他这件事的。
原句:If I were to meet him tomorrow…
含蓄条件句
含义:表示假设的句子用介词短语或其他方式表示,被称为含蓄条件句。
方式
but for要不是 ,without 要没有,under在…情况下 (介词/介词短语)
But for the doctor's skill, he would have a died 要不是医生医术精湛,他可能就死了。.
but , but that , or , otherwise (连词)
分词短语充当条件(现分/过分)
时态
现在/将来
主句:should/would/could/might +do
过去
主句:should/would/could/might + have done
表①
状语从句
让步状语从句
even if引导
时态
现在/将来
从句:did/were
主句:should/would/could/might+do
过去
从句:had done
主句:should/would/could/might+have done
表④
Even if he were rich, he wouldn't spend money like that. 即使他有钱,他也不会那样花。
方式状语从句
as if,as though引导
从句
现在:did/were
过去:had done
将来:would/could/might+V原
表⑤
He treated me as if I had been a begger.他对待我像对待乞丐一样。
目的状语从句
由so that ,in order that引导的目的状语从句,需在从句谓语动词前加情态动词can,could,may,might
He works hard so that he can pass the exam. 他努力学习,以便能够通过考试。
He worked hard so that he could pass the exam. (当时)他努力学习,以便能够通过考试。
由lest, for fear that, in case引导的目的状语从句,“免得,以防,为恐”
从句:(should)+V原
He ran away for fear that he should be seen. 唯恐被人发现,他逃走了。
其他句型
“It is (high/ about) time (that)…”句型
从句用虚拟语气 ,谓语动词多用过去式/should+V原 意为“该是……的时候了”
It is (high) time (that) you bought/ should buy a new car.你该买一辆新车了
If only句型
if only 引起的感叹句意思与“I wish”相近,表示愿望
从句
现在还没实现的愿望:did/were
过去没实现的愿望:had done
将来没可能实现愿望:would/could/might+V原
表⑥
表示祝原,诅咒,禁止”等意义的固定句式中,谓语动词用“may+主语+V原”/直接V原,表达更强烈的愿望
名词性从句
主语从句
用法
it做形式主语的复合句中,主语从句常用虚拟语气来表示建议,命令,要求…
谓语动词形式
从句:(should) +V原
主句为“主系表”句型,表语是形容词
appropriate恰当的advisable可取的necessary, essential必要的,important, insistent坚持的,imperative必要的,natural自然的,preferable更可取的,strange, better ,desirable合意的,urgent紧急的,compulsory强制的义务的vital至关重要的
It is essential that you (should) win the voters' hearts. 赢得选民的心是绝对有必要的
主句为“主系表”句型,表语是建议,命令,要求,愿望等含义的名词
suggestion, advice ,demand, requirement ,wish, order ,command
It is my suggestion that he (should) be dismissed.我建议解雇他。
主动:should do 被动:should be done
主句谓语中含有和“建议,命令,要求,愿望”相关的动词过去分词
desired要求,希望得到,demanded,ordered,requested请求要求,suggested ,recommended, required
It was demanded that the project(should) be discussed.要求对这个项目进行讨论。
被动,不是主系表
It is a pity遗憾/ a shame丢脸/no wonder难怪…+that从句
It is a pity that he(should) miss the film.真遗憾他错过了这场电影。
宾语从句
表示“建议,命令,要求”的动词后所跟宾语从句虚拟语气。
insist主张,order,command命令,determine ,decide, suggest ,propose advise,recommend, ask, request, require, demand要求,intend,prefer,urge,desire,direct
当suggest,insist等动词不表示“建议,坚决要求”而表示“暗示,坚持认为,坚持说”其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气。
从句:(should)+V原
He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。
It为形式宾语
think /consider /deem + it+ adj.+that从句
adj.(宾补)与主语从句中虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。
从句:(should)+V原
We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 我们认为在他行动之前好好考虑一下是明智的。
动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句谓语
现在:did/were
过去:had done
将来:would/could/might+V原
表②
I wish it were spring now.我希望现在是春天。
would rather/ would sooner would(just)as soon might as well would prefer宁愿,但愿
从句
现在/将来:did/were
过去:had done
表③
I would rather you came next weekend.我宁愿你下周末过来。
表语从句和同位语从句
主句中主/宾/表,是否表示“建议,命令,主张,目的,计划,愿望”的名词
decision,revolution决议,pary祈祷,motion提议,suggestion,proposal advice,recommendation,perference偏爱优先权,desire,demand,requirement,request,order,necessity,idea
从句:should+V原
The doctor's advice is that the patient (should) keep quiet. 医生建议病人保持安静。