爱德思化学U1知识框架

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Edexcel AS Chemistry U1

• Topic 1 formulae, equations and amount of substance
  • atoms, elements and molecules
  • equations
    • name and formulae
    • balancing equations
    • using state symbol
    • ionic equations
    • ionic half-equations
  • reactions
    • acids
      • with metals
      • with metal oxides and insoluble metal hydroxides
      • with alkalis
      • with carbonates
      • with hydrogencarbonates
    • displacement
      • involving metals
        • in aqueous solution
        • in the solid state
      • involving halogens
    • precipitation
      • chemical tests
        • carbon dioxide
        • sulfates
        • halides
      • working out chemical equations
    • equation, ionic equation and observation
  • calculations
    • conceptions
      • relative atomic mass (Ar)
        • the weighted mean (average) mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C-12
      • relative molecular mass (Mr)
        • the weighted mean (average) mass of an molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C-12
      • relative formula mass (Mr)
      • molar mass (M)
      • the Avogadro constant
      • mole
    • calculation
      • mole
        • n = m/M
        • amount of particles
        • using reacting masses
        • formulae
          • empirical formula
          • molecular formula
        • concentration of solution
          • c = n/V or c = m/V
        • molar volume
          • n = V/24 or V/24000 (at r.t.p)
        • the ideal gas equation pV = nRT
      • others
        • percentage yield
        • atom economy
        • ppm (parts per million)
          • in solution
          • in gas
• Topic 2 atomic structure and the periodic table
  • atomic structure
    • conceptions
      • atomic number
      • mass number
      • isotopes
    • mass spectrometer
      • process
        • formation of positive ions
        • accelerate
        • deflect
          • large m/z - deflect less
          • small m/z - deflect more
      • analysis
        • calculate relative atomic mass
        • ratio
        • determine relative molecular mass
    • electronic configuration
      • quantum shells
        • quantum shell
        • sub shell
        • orbital
      • predicting electronic configuration
    • ionisation energy
      • definition (equation)
      • successive IE
        • electronic configuration
      • trend
        • across a period
        • down a group
      • anomaly
        • Be and B (Mg and Al)
        • N and O (P and S)
  • the periodic table
    • groups
    • periods
    • periodic properties
      • atomic radii
      • melting and boiling points
        • simple
        • giant
      • first ionisation energies
• Topic 3 bonding and structure
  • ionic bond
    • nature
      • formation: ions
      • structure: giant lattice
      • strength
      • existance of ions
        • electrolysis of molten NaCl
        • direct current passing through copper(II) chromate
        • electron density map
      • ion radii
        • trend
        • polarisation
    • properties
      • high melting points
      • brittle
      • electrical conductivity
        • solid
        • molten or in aq
      • solubility
  • covalent bond
    • nature
      • formation
        • σ bond
        • π (pi) bond
      • bond length and bond strength
    • electronegativity
      • polar
      • continuum of bonding type
    • structure
      • discrete (simple) molecular
        • bonding
          • expression
            • displayed formula
            • dot and cross diagram
          • dative covalent bond
          • shapes of molecule
            • shapes
              • bond pair
              • lone pair
            • bond angle
            • polar and non-polar
        • properties
          • low melting points
          • do not conduct electricity
      • giant lattice
        • substances
          • diamond
          • graphite
          • graphene
          • silicon (IV) oxide
        • properties
          • hardness
          • high melting points
          • electrical conductivity
            • graphite and graphene
            • diamond and silicon dioxide
  • metallic bond
    • formation
      • cation and delocalised electrons
    • structure
      • giant lattice
    • properties
      • high melting points
      • conduct electricity
      • conduct heat
        • delocalised electron
        • cation
      • melleability
      • ductility
• Topic 4 introductory organic chemistry and alkanes
  • introduction
    • formulae
      • empirical formula
      • molecular formula
      • displayed formula
      • structural formula
      • skeletal formula
    • conceptions
      • saturated or unsaturated
      • functional group
      • homologous series
    • nomenclature
      • carbon chain
      • prefix
      • suffix
    • structural isomerism
      • chain isomerism
      • position isomerism
      • alkane and cycloalkane
    • type of reaction
      • addition reaction
      • substitution reaction
      • oxidation reaction
      • reduction reaction
      • polymerisation reaction
    • chemical hazards
  • alkanes
    • crude oil
      • fractional distillation
      • cracking
      • reforming
    • fuels
      • complete combustion
      • incomplete conbustion
      • oxide of S and N
      • catalytic converters
      • alternative fuels
        • biofuel
        • hydrogen
    • substitution reaction
      • initiation
      • propagation
      • termination
      • further substitution reaction
• Topic 5 alkenes
  • double bond
    • σ bond
    • π bond
  • geometric isomerism
    • cis-trans naming
    • E-Z naming
  • addition reaction
    • types
      • hydrogenation (Ni catalyst, heat)
      • halogenation
      • hydration (H3PO4 catalyst, heat)
      • + hydrogen halide
    • mechanisms
      • electrophilic addition
        • 1. form carbocation and anion
        • 2. form product
      • asymmetrical molecules
        • primary
        • secondary
        • tertiary
    • equations, conditions and mechanisms
  • oxidation to diols
    • + acidified potassium manganate(VII)