involvution
Pronunciation and Stress (phonetics)
Spelling & Grammatical properties(orthography, syntax, lexicology)
Meaning (semantics, lexicology)
Usage (pragmatics, lexicology)
The aspects of form
Free (single) morpheme: table, cry, eat
Free + bound morpheme: restart, teacher
Compound: greenhouse, babysitter
Idioms and metaphors: kick the bucket
The aspects of meaning
first
Denotative meaning (外延意义或指称意义)--scope; referential meaning
the meaning of those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world
Connotative meaning (内涵意义或情感意义)--qualities; emotive meaning
the meaning of those words that express “the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing these words and the influence of these on the listener or reader’s interpretation of them”, which would include a positive or negative attitude or subtle feelings towards something
Two types (P120)
Receptive/passive vocabulary (可再认/被动词汇)
able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but × in speaking or writing
Productive/active vocabulary (可再现/主动词汇)
√ recognize & √ use in speaking and writing
One’s productive vocabulary could be receptive or even new words for others. The teacher’s responsibility is to help the students to transfer more words from the receptive to the productive.
Ways of presenting vocabulary (P124)
3 points after presenting new vocabulary
provide opportunities for students to use multiple senses (多重感官来刺激)
create meaningful and personalized tasks for students to use the words in their own way (个性任务去练习)
At least seven times before a word can be learned (7次呈现可记忆)
Ways of consolidating vocabulary (P126)
Developing vocabulary learning strategies
Guess meaning from context (语境猜词)
Organize vocabulary effectively (有序排放)
Manage strategy use (调整策略)
Vincent's share
每个单词都是一个音、形、义三者的结合体,记单词就像认识一个新朋友,音(发音)是朋友的名字,形(拼写)是朋友的相貌,义(意义)是朋友的性格,我们总是先记住一个人的名字再去对应ta的长相,时间长了才慢慢了解一个人的性格,且同一个人在不同场合表现也不一样。 所以记单词先记住发音,即怎么念;再对应发音记拼写,可以用音节帮助记忆,提高用词根词缀帮助记忆的意识;最后通过语境记忆单词的意思,注意不同语境下的不同意义。
A morpheme (词素) is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. eg: the words “like”, “likes” and “unlikely” consists of one, two, three morphemes respectively.