一图搞定：定语从句和关系代词的使用规则

这是一篇关于雅思语法点：定语从句和关系代词的使用规则的思维导图，主要内容包括：只能单独使用That/Who/Which的情况，和其他情况。

雅思语法点：定语从句和关系代词的使用规则

• 只能用which的情况
  • 非限制性定语从句
    • 例句1：This is the city, which I call my hometown.
      • 非限制性定语从句不直接限定先行词，而是对先行词进行附加说明
      • 使用which时，从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开
    • 例句2：She bought a new car, which she had been wanting for years.
  • 介词+which（阅读常见）
    • 例句：He comes from a small town, to which he often returns during holidays.
      • 此结构中，which不能被that替代
      • 介词通常放在关系代词which之前，修饰先行词
  • 指代整个主句
    • 例句：She failed the exam, which surprised everyone.
      • which指代整个先行句
      • 用来补充说明或评论
• 只能用who的情况
  • 先行词those指代人时（写作常见）
    • 例句：Those who would like to leave the room, please do so quietly.
      • 当先行词为those时，通常使用who引导定语从句
  • 先行词为人称/人称代词的时候
    • 例句：The man who lives next door is very friendly.
      • who指代先行词the man or he/she等代词
• 只能用that的情况
  • 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时（口语常见）
    • 例句：This is the most exciting moment that I will never forget.
      • 形容词最高级后接that引导定语从句
      • that用于限定先行词，强调最高级的比较范围
    • 例句：This is the best restaurant that I have ever been to.
      • that引导的定语从句限定最高级修饰的先行词
  • 先行词为不定代词anything, something, everything, nothing, all时（口语常见）
    • 例句：My teacher is very proud with all (that) I did.
      • all作为先行词时，使用that引导定语从句
      • that在口语中有时可以省略
    • 例句：There is nothing (that) I can do.
      • nothing作为先行词，that引导定语从句
      • that在口语中可以省略，但保留时更正式
    • 例句：Is there anything (that) you dislike about your hometown?
      • anything作为先行词，that引导定语从句
      • that在口语中可以省略，但保留时更正式
    • 例句：There is something （that） I need to tell you about.
      • something作为先行词，that引导定语从句
      • that在口语中可以省略，但保留时更正式
  • 指代有生命但不是人的名词
    • 出自剑桥6考官范文
      • 例句：First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.
        • that引导定语从句，指代非人类的有生命体
        • that在定语从句中作主语，指代silkworm larva
        • 定语从句补充说明先行词silkworm larva的特征或行为
  • 在the only, the same, it is等表达之后
    • 例句：This is the only book that I have read on the subject.
    • 例句：He used the same method that I did.
    • 例句：It is the decision that matters most.
• That和Which均可使用的情况
  • 限制性定语从句
    • 例句：The book that/which you gave me is fascinating.
      • that和which均可用于引导限定性从句
      • that在口语中使用更多
• That和Who均可使用的情况
  • there be句子中先行词指人，使用who或that
    • 例句：There are many people who I find familiar.
    • 例句：There are many people that I find familiar.
  • there be句子中先行词指物或抽象概念，使用that
    • 例句：There are something that I need to tell you.
• 其他注意事项
  • 非限制性定语从句只能使用which
    • 例句：The car, which I bought last year, is red.
      • 非限制性定语从句去掉不影响主句含义
      • which引导的从句前后，通常用逗号隔开
  • 省略“that”
    • 例句：The car (that) I bought is read.
    • 例句：The film (that) we watched was amazing.
      • 限制性定语从句，that有时可以被省略
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