非谓语动词应试版本

英语黑科技内部教材，一步到位解决非谓语。从作主语、作表语、作宾语、作定语、作状语等方面进行了分析和概述。

非谓语动词

• 作主语
  • 不定式
    • 特指的、具体某次或未来动作：To ignore this would be a mistake.
  • 动名词
    • 泛指的或抽象的行为
      • Reporting the news is their job.
      • It was a waste of time reading that book.
• 作表语
  • 不定式
    • 说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来：My job is to promote the new product.
  • 动名词
    • 说明主语内容，一般或习惯：His job is collecting folk songs.
  • 现在分词
    • 说明主语的特征，令人……的：The spy story was thrilling.
  • 过去分词
    • 说明主语的感受或状态，感到……的：He was thrilled at the suggestion.
• 作宾语
  • 作介词宾语一般用动名词
    • Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.
  • 含介词的句型
    • prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事
    • waste/spend…(in) doing sth 浪费/花费……做某事
    • have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
    • there is no sense (in) doing sth 做某事是没有意义的
  • but,except（除……之外）后用不定式
    • He did nothing but watch TV.（有do无to）
    • I had no choice but to watch TV.
  • 只接不定式的词：want,hope,desire,long,expect,beg,apply,hesitate,refuse,decide,aim,choose,afford,offer,pretend,determine,manage,guarantee,attempt,seek,plan,intend,mean,promi-se,undertake,agree,fail,prepare,arrange,happen
  • 只接动名词的词：suggest,advise,enjoy,avoid,imagine,admit,practise,escape,allow,permit,consider,miss,understand,finish,dislike,mind,include,risk,forbid,prevent,discuss,appreciat-e,forgive,pardon,excuse,keep(on),can't stand,advocate
  • 接to do和doing意义有别
    • remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,go on,can't help
  • to是介词的词组：be used to,accstomed to,be addicted to,be devoted to,be oppsed to,be equal to,look forward to,pay attention to,feel up to,get down to,apply oneself to,contribute to,lead to,refer to,adapt to,adjust to,object to,turn to,respond to
• 作定语
  • 不定式
    • 发生在谓语后
      • I have several letters to write today.
  • 动名词
    • 在名词前说明其用途
      • a washing machine=a machine for washing
  • 现在分词
    • 主动、进行
      • The boy standing(=who is standing) there is my brother.
  • 过去分词
    • 被动、完成
      • That is an abandoned car(=a car which was abandoned).
• 作状语
  • 不定式
    • 目的
      • We learn a language in order to communicate.
    • 形容词后
      • She is eager to succeed.
    • 结果
      • too…to/enough to:He is old enough to know right from wrong.
      • 令人不快的结果：I hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
  • 现在分词
    • 主动
      • The sun was striking on the sea,making it shine.（自然结果）
      • He sat in the chair,reading a newspaper.（伴随）
  • 过去分词
    • 被动
      • The President arrived,followed by his personal bodyguard.
• 作补语
  • 不定式
    • The teacher encouraged the children to behave well.
    • 主动、全过程、经常：I heard Kate sing the song.
  • 现在分词
    • 主动、正在进行：I heard Kate singing the song just now.
  • 过去分词
    • 被动、完成：I heard the song sung by Kate.
• with+宾语+
  • 不定式：With much homework to do,I can't go to play football with you.
  • 现在分词：With time going by,I gradually realize the importance of health.
  • 过去分词：With all the work done,I cango home.
• have+宾语+
  • 定语：I have an article to write.
  • 补语
    • 原形：He had me plant a tree there.（命令或安排）
    • 过去分词：
      • I had my mobile phone repaired.（请人做）
      • I had my leg broken.（不幸遭遇）
    • 现在分词：She had her audience listening attentively.
• 连词+
  • 现在分词（主动）：Be careful while (you are) crossing the road.
  • 过去分词（被动）：When (he has) asked why he came here,the boy kept silent.