英语语法思维导图之十二——陈述句疑问句

这是一篇关于疑问句的思维导图，主要内容包括：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。全面且系统地介绍了英语中不同类型疑问句的结构、回答方式，并配有相应例句。

疑问句

• 一般疑问句
  • 结构
    • be+主语+...?
      • Was she watching TV at that time?
    • Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形+...?
      • Does he take excercise every day?
    • 情态动词+主语+动词原形+...?
      • Can I have a cup of tea?
        • 肯定回答可以用Of course/Certainly代替Yes.
  • 回答
    • 肯定
      • Yes，主语+be/助动词/情态动词肯定式
    • 否定
      • No，主语+be/助动词/情态动词的否定式
    • Have you any pets?/Do you have any pets? Yes, I have. Yes, I do No, I haven't. No, I don't.
• 特殊疑问句
  • 结构
    • 疑问词+（第一）助动词/情态动词+主语（大部分倒装）
      • Why did she cry?
    • 提问对象是主语，或者主语的定语，不用倒装
      • Who is absent today?
      • Which pen is red?
    • 疑问词
      • What,who, which, whose, whom, where, why,when,how, how many,how much, how long, how often
  • 回答
    • 根据提问，用句子或者短语回答
      • Why did Susan cry sadly? Because her tortoise died.
• 选择疑问句
  • 结构
    • 一般
      • 一般疑问句+or+可选择部分
        • Are those oranges sweet or sour?
        • Are you ready or not?
    • 特殊
      • 特殊疑问句+可选择部分A+or+可选择部分B
        • When will you go to Tokyo, June or July?
  • 回答
    • 根据实际情况，选择一种作答
      • Which color do you like, green, blue,or yellow? I like yellow.
• 反意疑问句
  • 结构
    • 肯定陈述句+否定的附加问句
      • It is raining, isn't it?
      • You'd better have a rest, hadn't you?
    • 否定陈述句+肯定的附加问句
      • You won't forgive me, will you?
    • 附加问句主语/时态=陈述句主语/时态， 附加句主语必须用人称代词代替前主语
  • 回答
    • 前部分肯定
      • 事实：Yes+肯定结构
      • 非事实：No+否定结构
      • The kids are very happy, aren't they? Yes, they are./No, they are not.
    • 前部分否定
      • 按事实回答，Yes/No
        • He can't repair a computer,can he? Yes, he can. 中文：他不会修电脑，对吧？一般回答：不是，他会的。 但是英语相反，按事实回答Yes/No
• 陈述句
  • 肯定形式
    • 主语+谓语+（宾语）+（状语）
      • Andy（主） played（谓） basketball（宾） yesterday（状）.
    • 主语+系动词+表语
      • 常见系动词：be, become, get, feel, look, smell, sound, taste
      • He(主） bacame（系动词） an astronaunt（表） two years ago（状）.
  • 否定形式
    • 主语+be+not
      • He is tired, but I am not.
    • 主语+do/does/did+not+动词原形
      • They didn't finish their homework yesterday.
    • 主语+will/have/has等+not
      • The meeting will not be held next Tuesday
    • 主语+情态动词（can/may/could/must等）+动词原形
      • You must not go there.
• 陈述句含有not,no,neither,never,few,little等否定词或者否定意味词，附加句用肯定结构 Few people knew the news, did they?