William Shakespeare

这是一个William Shakespeare介绍的思维导图，介绍了莎士比亚的生平简介、代表作品等方面的内容。

William Shakespeare

• The Elizabethan Era
  • *The epoch in Enlish history of Queen Elizabeth 1's reign (1558-1603)
  • *The golden age in English history
  • *Strong economy ,strong military force and great culture
  • *The age of the Renaissance ,of new ideas and new thinking
  • *The height of the English Renaissance
  • 1.Saw the fiowering of poetry ,music and literature
  • 2.The prime time of British theatre
• William Shakespeare
  • 1.Year of birth :1564
  • 2.Year of death :1616
  • 3.Essentially an Elizabethan ,though he survived the Queen by 13 years
  • 4.Place of birth :Stratford -on-Avon
  • 5.Education :He ent to the local Grammar School and learned the 'small Latin and less Greek 'which Ben Jonson attributed to him
  • 6.Went to London :Round about 1585/6 he went to London
  • 7.First play :The first part of Henry VI was produced about 1590
  • 8.Shakespeare 's Long poems
    • two narrative poems
      • Venus and Adonis （1588）
      • The Rape of Lucrece(1594)
  • *Sonnet(十四行诗/商籁诗）
    • 1）originated in Italy ,a from very popular in Renaissance Europe ,especially ,France and England
    • 2）Poem in 14 lines
      • The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (意大利型或彼得拉克型）
        • the first eight -octave
          • a b b a a b b a
        • the last six lines -sestet
          • c d c d c d c d e c d e c d d c e c d e c e d c d c e d c
      • The Shakespearian or English sonnet (莎士比亚型或英国十四行诗）
        • a b a b c d c d efef gg
        • The basic meter (韵律，节拍）of all sonnets in English is iambic pentameter
      • Syllable ,Foot and Meter
        • Syllable:the basic unit of phonetic ,composed of one vowel /one vowel+one or more consonants
        • Foot:one unstressed syllable +one stressed syllable
        • Meter:the construction and order of stressed syllable and unstresed syllable
  • Shakespeare 's Sonnets
    • 154 sonnets
    • Sonnets 1-126:addressed to a young man
    • Sonnets 127－152：addressed to a "Dark Lady"
    • Sonnets 153－154：addressed to Cupid ,the God of love in Greek mythology
    • Themes
      • Praising the beauty of the young man
      • Transience of beauty in nature
      • Immortality of art in general ,of poetry in particular
  • Hamlet
    • 1601
    • Revege tragedy
    • Longest play of Shakespeare (5 acts,20 scenes, 3906 lines)
    • Source texts
      • 12 century Danish history
      • French writer Belleforest' s short story 1580s Thomas Kyd -Hamlet
• History of Elizabethan London Theaters
  • *The first proper theater as we know it was called the Theatre,built in 1576 and the owner was James Burbage
  • *Before this time plays were preformed in the courtyard of inns or innyard ,or sometimes,in the houses of nobleman or extreme circumstances on open ground
  • *After the Theater ,further open air playhouses (theaters)opened in the London area, including the Rose Theater (1587),and the Hope Theater （1613）
  • *The most famous Elizabethan playhouses (theater)was the Globe Theater (1599)built by the company in which Shakespeare had stake -now often referred to as the shakespeare Globe
  • The plays
    • 38 plays（39 plays ,if Edward 111 isincluded)
      • comedies
        • Romantic comedies
          • The Taming of the Shrew
          • The Merry Wives of Windsor
          • A Midsummer Night 's Dearm
          • As You Like It
        • Problem plays
          • The Merchant of Venice
          • Measure for Measure
          • As You Like It
      • histories
        • English histories
          • Edward III
          • Henry VI (part I, II, III)
          • Richard II
          • Henry IV(part I, II)
          • Richard III
          • Henry V
          • Henry VIII
        • Roman histories
          • Titus Andronicus
          • Julius Caesar
          • Antony and Cleopatra
      • tragedies
        • Four Major Tragedies
          • Hamlet
          • Othello
          • King Lear
          • Macbeth
          • Other tragedies :Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens
      • tragicomedies（remance)
        • The Winter 's Tale
        • The Tempest
        • Two Noble Kinsmen
      • Other classifications may be :early comedies ,problem plays Roman histories ,English histories, tragedies ,romance
• Lambic Pentameter(抑扬格五音步）
  • Pentameter is simply penta,which means 5 meters
  • So a line of poetry written in pentameter has 5 feet ,or 5 sets of stressed and unstressed syllables
  • In basic iambic pentameter ,a line would have 5 feet of iambs ,which is an unstressed and then a stressed syllable