英语时态构成英语基本句型Paul英语班2021

这是一篇关于英语时态构成英语基本句型-Paul英语班2021的思维导图，包含英语的基本句型、动词的基本形式。

英语时态构成&英语基本句型! Paul英语班2021 WeChat ID: Paul_Center

• 动词的种类 (Types of Verbs)
  • 实义动词 (Notional Verbs)
    • 及物动词 (Transitive Verbs) （vt.） see, buy, take 及物动词后面直接跟名词，代词，不定式，从句等。
    • 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs)（vi.） dance, stop, sing 不及物动词后面不能跟宾语，在句子中可以单独使用。
    • 及物动词 (Transitive Verbs) （vt.） cook 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs)（vi.） cooked fish
  • 系动词 (Linking Verbs)
    • 状态系动词 (State Verbs) Be动词 (Be Verbs) am, is, are, was, were
    • 感官系动词 (Sensory Verbs) see, taste, smell, sound, feel
    • 持续系动词 (Continuous Verbs) keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
    • 表像系动词 (Figurative Vevbs) seem, appear, look
    • 变化系动词 (Conjugation Verbs) become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
    • 终止系动词 (Terminative Verbs) prove, turn out
  • 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs
    • Be动词 (Be Verbs) am, is, are, was, were
    • do, does, did
    • will, would
    • shall, should
    • have, has
  • 情态动词 (Modal Verbs)
    • will, won't, would, wouldn't
    • can, can't, could, couldn't
    • shall, shall not, should, shouldn't
    • dare, dare not, dared, didn't dare
    • may, may not, might, might not
    • must, mustn't
    • need, needn't
    • 情态动词的特点： 1. 情态动词无人称和数的变化。 2. 情态动词后面必须用动词原形。 3. 情态动词的否定式=情态动词+not 4. 情态动词提到主语前面构成一般疑问句。
• 动词的基本形式 (The basic form of verbs)
  • 原形(V&Vt&Vi)
    • play, work, like, read, go, do, study, fly, cry, try, have, am, is, are, walk.
  • 单三(V+s/es)
    • 第三人称单数的构成： 1. 一般情况，直接在词尾+s. play-plays, work-works like-likes, read-reads 2. 以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的单词，在词尾+es. wash-washes, teach-teaches go-goes, do-does 3. 以“辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i+es. study-studies, fly-flies cry-cries, try-tries 4. 特殊情况 have-has, be-is
  • 现在分词（V+ing）
    • 现在分词的构成： 1. 一般情况，在词尾+ing. play-playing, do-doing work-working, look-looking 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去e+ing. love-loving, come-coming write-writing, take-taking 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 结尾的单词，双写该辅音字母+ing. （辅元辅） run-running, cut-cutting sit-sitting, begin-beginning
  • 过去式&过去分词 (规则变化&不规则变化)
    • 过去式&过去分词的构成：(规则变化) 1. 一般情况，在词尾+ed work-worked, play-played clean-cleaned, watch-watched 2. 以不发音的e结尾的单词，在词尾直接+d. like-liked， close-closed love-loved, live-lived 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，把y变i+ed. study-studied, carry-carried hurry-hurried, dry-dried 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 结尾的单词，双写该辅音字母+ed. （辅元辅） stop-stopped, nod-nodded
    • 过去式&过去分词的构成：(不规则变化) 1. AAA型 原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词 cut - cut - cut 2. AAB型 原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词 beat - beat - beaten 3. ABA型 原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词 become - became - become 4. ABB型 原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词 hear - heard - heard 5. ABC型 原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词 go - went - gone
• 动词的时态 (Verb Tenses)
  • 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)（原形&单三s/es） 在一般现在时中，动词的基本形式是原形&单三s/es。 I'm hungry and shirsty. She does her homework every evening.
  • 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)（am/is/are+现在分词ing） 在现在进行时中，动词的基本形式是Be动词原形+现在分词ing。 He is making the bed now. They are singing and dancing.
  • 一般过去时 (Past Simple Tense)（过去式ed） 在一般过去时中，动词的基本形式是过去式ed。 He was late for school yesterday. She was very kind to us.
  • 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)（be going to + 原形&will + 原形） 在一般将来时中，动词的基本形式是be going to+原形&will + 原形。 I'm going to play football with my friends tomorrow. They will have a birthday party next Saturday.
  • 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）(was/were + 现在分词ing) 在过去进行时中，动词的基本形式是Be动词过去式+现在分词ing。 He was doing his homework last night. They were playing chess at 3 pm yesterday.
  • 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense) (have/has + 过去分词ed) 在现在完成时中，动词的基本形式是过去分词ed. We have already seen the film before. She has cleaned her bedroom.
• 英语的基本句型 （Basic English Sentence Patterns）
  • 陈述句 （Declarative Sentence)
    • 肯定句（肯定形式） 1. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）+（状语） It usually snows in winter. 2. 主语+谓语+宾语+其他 Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. 主语+系动词+表语 I feel very nervous before the exam.
    • 否定句（否定形式） 1. 当谓语动词为be动词时，用"be+not”构成否定。 I am not ten years old. 2. 当谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词或助动词时， 在实义动词前加“do/does/did+not”构成否定。 We don't need any food. 3. 当谓语动词为“助动词+实义动词”时， 用“助动词+not”构成否定。 I don't have a pet. 4. 当谓语动词为“情态动词+实义动词”时， 用“情态动词+not”构成否定。 You shouldn't cross the road when the traffic light is red.
    • 肯定句变否定句口诀： 否定词语加not, 放在be和have后； 其他要加助动词do, do的后面加not; 时间，人称由do变，动词原形总保留； 谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。 1. Be动词的否定式：Be+not am not/is not=isn't/are not=aren't 2. 实义动词的否定式: don't/doesn't+动词原形 don't like/doesn't like 3. 助动词的否定式：don't/doesn't+动词原形 don't have/doesn't have 4. 情态动词的否定式：情态动词+not shouldn't/may not/can't
  • 疑问句 （Questions）
    • 一般疑问句（General Questions) 1. Be动词的一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be.&否定回答：No, 主语+be+not. Is this your pencil? Yes, it is./No, it isn't. Is that your ruler? Yes, it is./No, it isn't. 2. 助动词的一般疑问句：助动词+主语+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+助动词.&否定回答：No, 主语+助动词+not. Do you like playing football? Yes, I do./No, I don't. Does your sister have long curly hair? Yes, she does./No, she doesn't. 3. 情态动词的一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+情态动词.&否定回答：No, 主语+情态动词+not. Can you carry these books? Yes, I can./No, I can't. Must I come home before 9 o'clock? Yes, you must./No, you needn't.&No, you don't have to.
    • 特殊疑问句(Wh...&How-Questions) 特殊疑问句=特殊引导词+一般疑问句? 1. What引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“什么”。 What day is it today? It's Wednesday. 2. Who引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“谁”。 Who is she? She is my mother. 3. Whose引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“谁的”。 Whose umbrella is this? It's Mary's. 4. Which引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“哪一个”。 Which bus should I take? The No. 992 bus. 5. When引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“什么时间”。 When do you usually go to bed？ I usually go to bed at 21:30. 6. Where引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“在哪里”。 Where do you come from? I come from China. 7. Why引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“为什么”。 Why is the girl crying? Because she can't find her Mom. 8. How引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“怎么样”。 How is your Mom? She is very well. 9. How many引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“有多少”。 How many pears do you need? We need three kilos. 10. How much引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“价格”。 How much are the shoes? They are ninety yuan. 11. How old引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“年龄”。 How old is your grandpa? He is seventy. 12. How long引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“距离”。 How long is this river? It's about 2, 000 kilometers. 13. How often引导的特殊疑问句，通常来询问“频率”。 How often do you brush your teeth in a day? I often brush my teeth twice a day.
    • 选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions) 1. 一般疑问句+or+可选择部分 Are these grapes sweet or sour? They are sweet. Is that a sheep or a goat? It's a sheep. Do you like playing basketball or football? I like playing football. 2. 特殊疑问句+可选择部分+or+可选择部分 Which shoes do you like better, the blue one or the black one? The blue one. What would you like to eat, pizza or hamburger? I'd like some hamburger. Which girl is the best, Ann, Jenny or Cathy? Cathy is the best.
    • 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Questions） 反意疑问句口诀： 反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反； 短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯； 最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。 1. 肯定陈述句+否定的附加疑问句 Jack was late for school yesterday, wasn't he? 2. 否定陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句 Ann doesn't take the money, does she? 3. 附加疑问句的主语必须和陈述句的主语一致。 当陈述句的主语是名词时，附加疑问句的主语 必须使用相应的人称代词。 Mike and Jane are drawing pictures now, aren't they? All the children listened to the teacher carefully, didn't they? 4. 附加疑问句的时态必须和陈述句的时态保持一致。 Tom and his parents watched TV last night, didn't they? Eric has planted many trees, hasn't he? 5. 附加疑问句如果是否定式，必须用缩写形式。 She goes to work by bus, doesn't she? There are many kids at table, aren't there? 6. 回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答。 如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes回答。 如果事实是否定的，就用No回答。 The boy can carry the heavy box, can't he? Yes, he can./No, he can't. The boy can't find his glasses, can he? Yes, he can./No, he can't.
  • 祈使句 （Imperative Sentence） 祈使句特点口诀： 祈使句中无主语，主语是You常省去； 动词原形做谓语，句首加Don't变否定； 朗读应该用降调。句末用句号或感叹号！ 肯定形式： Please stand in line. Go and wash your hands. Try this one! 否定形式： Please don't stand in line. Don't go and wash your hands. Don't try that one! 祈使句的分类： 1. 表示命令 Get up at once. 2. 表示请求 Let's fly the kite in the park. 3. 表示邀请 Come and meet my friends. 4. 表示提醒或警告 Be careful! 5. 表示禁止做某事 No swimming! 祈使句的构成 肯定形式： 1. Do形 动原+（宾语）+其他 Stand up! 2. Be形 Be+表语+其他 Be a good boy, Bob. 3. Let形 Let+宾语+动原+其他 Let me help you. 否定形式： 1. Do形 Don't + 动原+其他 Don't stand up. 2. Be形 Don't+be+表语+其他 Don't be bad boy. 3. Let形 Don't+let+宾语 Don't let the cat come in. Let+宾语+not+动原+其他 Let's not play football in the street 4. No + 动词ing No smoking!
  • 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence） 1. How引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How cute the little panda is! How fast she is running! 2. What引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语） What a big birthday cake it is! What a kind girl she is! 3. What+形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词） What funny animals they are! What nice food it is! 4. What和How引导的感叹句，同义句转换！ What an interesting the film is! How interesting the film is! 5. What和How引导的感叹句, 主谓都可以省略。 What a tall boy (he is)! How dangerous (it is)!
  • There be句型 （强调客观上的存在） 表示在什么地方或时间存在的什么人或事物。 1. 肯定结构 (There be=There is&There are) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语 There is an umbrella in the room. There is a car near the house. There are + (some) + 复数可数名词+地点/时间状语 There are many children in the playground. There are a lot of books on the shelf. 2. 否定结构（There be + not） There isn't + (any) + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语 There isn't a cloud in the sky. There aren't + (any) + 复数可数名词+地点/时间状语 There aren't any students in the classroom. 3. 疑问结构 (Be there...？= Is there...?&Are there...?) Is there...? 肯定回答: Yes, there is./否定回答：No, there isn't. Is there a river near the village? Yes, there is./No, there isn't. Are there...? 肯定回答: Yes, there are./否定回答：No, there aren't. Are there any animals in the zoo? Yes, there are./No, there aren't. 4. There be句型与have句型的区别 意义不同 There be句型表示“在某处或时间在某人或某物”或“在某时发生某事”，强调客观上的存在。 There is a basket on the table. There are eighteen pears in the basket. have句型表示“某人拥有某物”，强调事物的所属关系。 Mike has many nice T-shirts. They have a big house. 主语位置不同 There be句型的就近原则！在There be句型中，主语be动词后面的人或物。因此be动词的数要与其后面的主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或者两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与离它最近的那个名词保持一致。 There is a book and two pencils on the desk. There are two pencils and a book on the desk. 在have句型中主语就是谓语动词have/has前面的人或物。 因此have/has的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Mike has a long ruler. Lucy and Lily have many clothes.