导图社区 organization struction
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topic
雅思听力临考前策略
Organization structure
Organization structures
Hybrid
cross /mix types of structure
Organization structure are rarely composed of only one type of organization
如functional +matrix
Matrix
跟functional structure 有且仅有的唯一区别是 不同的section能横向沟通
suit to big company
以project为基础,当公司有新项目时,从各部门分别抽调人组成团队经营这个项目
即支持横向(horizontal)沟通 而缺点是,conflicting authority(more than one reporting line) ambiguous demand and roles slower decision making
decentrelised
就需要各个部门的员工都去沟通,达成共识 而不是高度集中管理
Shamrock
compositions
professional core
define what the orgnization does and what business it is
self-employed professionals
hired on contract
project by project basis
contingent workforce
一般是较简单的工作,只需要很短时间培养训练,就可以上岗工作 但企业往往只在某一项目进行时需要
temporary and part time workers
short time
consumers
如DIY 优点是能降低公司员工工作量(产品价格可能较低),也能提升客户满意度
may exist
who do the work of the organization
new organizations
Jobless structure
The employee becomes not a job-holder but a seller of skills
员工:上班地点灵活 企业:不用支付员工社保等,降低支出
virtual organization
memmbers are geographically dispersed and organization only exist electronically on the intrenet,without any physical premises
hollow organization
people and activities are split between core and non-core competencies
all non-core processses are outsourced
Modular organization
与hollow organization 有且仅有的唯一区别是,它外包的是产品(服务)的一部分 ,而不是某个具体的activity。
the retained people within the organization assemble or combine these elements to produce the final product or service
boundaryless organization
remove both internal barriers and the barriers between the organization and its suppliers,customers and competitors
internal 如job rotation,以打破横向沟通障碍 也有利于打破纵向沟通障碍
Centralisation VS Decentralisation
centralisation
特点
decentralisation
Basic concepts &levels in organization
basic concept
span of control
It refers to the numbers of subordinates directly responsible to a superior
the manager capabilities
the manager workload
the geographical dispersion of subordinates
the complexity of problems
the interaction between subordinates
the support received from other parts of the organization
tall organization & flat organization

flat
addvantages
delegationn
speed up communication
relatively cheap
disadvantages
job can be delegated
sacrifice control
scalar chain阶梯链,权利链
the chain of command
delayering
what makes it possible
informing technology
为同时管理很多人提供技术条件
empowerment授权
economy发展
fashion
offshoring
sending work overseas(outsourcing 的一种)
shared services approach
services provider is part of the organization 如IT HR
levels of strtegies
corporate:add value business :how to compete successfully in a particular segment market operational:执行
levels of Managerial activity
levels of information in workplace