organization struction

这是一篇关于Organization structure的思维导图。

Organization structure

• Organization structures
  • Hybrid
    • cross /mix types of structure
      • Organization structure are rarely composed of only one type of organization
      • 如functional +matrix
  • Matrix
    • • 跟functional structure 有且仅有的唯一区别是 不同的section能横向沟通
      • suit to big company
      • 以project为基础,当公司有新项目时，从各部门分别抽调人组成团队经营这个项目
        • 即支持横向(horizontal)沟通 而缺点是，conflicting authority(more than one reporting line) ambiguous demand and roles slower decision making
      • decentrelised
        • 就需要各个部门的员工都去沟通，达成共识 而不是高度集中管理
  • Shamrock
    • compositions
      • professional core
        • define what the orgnization does and what business it is
      • self-employed professionals
        • hired on contract
        • project by project basis
      • contingent workforce
        • 一般是较简单的工作，只需要很短时间培养训练，就可以上岗工作 但企业往往只在某一项目进行时需要
        • temporary and part time workers
        • short time
      • consumers
        • 如DIY 优点是能降低公司员工工作量（产品价格可能较低），也能提升客户满意度
        • may exist
        • who do the work of the organization
  • new organizations
    • Jobless structure
      • The employee becomes not a job-holder but a seller of skills
        • 员工：上班地点灵活 企业：不用支付员工社保等，降低支出
    • virtual organization
      • memmbers are geographically dispersed and organization only exist electronically on the intrenet,without any physical premises
    • hollow organization
      • people and activities are split between core and non-core competencies
      • all non-core processses are outsourced
    • Modular organization
      • 与hollow organization 有且仅有的唯一区别是，它外包的是产品（服务）的一部分 ，而不是某个具体的activity。
      • the retained people within the organization assemble or combine these elements to produce the final product or service
    • boundaryless organization
      • remove both internal barriers and the barriers between the organization and its suppliers,customers and competitors
        • internal 如job rotation，以打破横向沟通障碍 也有利于打破纵向沟通障碍
• Centralisation VS Decentralisation
  • centralisation
    • 特点
  • decentralisation
• Basic concepts &levels in organization
  • basic concept
    • span of control
      • It refers to the numbers of subordinates directly responsible to a superior
      • the manager capabilities
      • the manager workload
      • the geographical dispersion of subordinates
      • the complexity of problems
      • the interaction between subordinates
      • the support received from other parts of the organization
    • tall organization & flat organization
      • 
      • flat
        • addvantages
          • delegationn
          • speed up communication
          • relatively cheap
        • disadvantages
          • job can be delegated
          • sacrifice control
    • scalar chain阶梯链，权利链
      • the chain of command
    • delayering
      • what makes it possible
        • informing technology
          • 为同时管理很多人提供技术条件
        • empowerment授权
        • economy发展
        • fashion
    • offshoring
      • sending work overseas(outsourcing 的一种）
    • shared services approach
      • services provider is part of the organization 如IT HR
  • levels of strtegies
    • 
    • • corporate:add value business :how to compete successfully in a particular segment market operational:执行
  • levels of Managerial activity
  • levels of information in workplace