名词性从句

名词性从句的思维导图，包含主语从句：主语从句通常由从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导；宾语从句；同位语从句；表语从句等。

名词性从句

• 主语从句
  • 在复合句中做主语的名词性从句
  • 主语从句通常由从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导
    • That
      • That he is still alive is a wonder.
    • Whether
      • Whether he 'll be promoted is undecided.
    • What
      • What caused the fire is still a mystery.
    • When
      • When you eat breakfast is more important than what you eat at it.
    • How
      • How the computer works is beyond my knowledge.
    • Where
      • Where the meeting is held depends on chairman.
  • it做形式主语；有时为了考虑句子平衡，使用it做形式主语，将真正的主语从句移至句末
    • It is a pity that he didn't come
  • 连词用that的省略问题；若that引导的主语从句位于句首，则that不能省略，若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略
    • That you didn't go to the talk was a pity.(that不可省）
    • It was a pity (that) you didn't go to the talk.(that可省）
• 宾语从句
  • 在复合句中作宾语或介词宾语的名词性从句
  • 宾语从句通常由从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导
    • They should be reminded that beauty is only skin-deep.
    • I don't know whether she will come to see me today.
    • can you tell me who is responsible for the fire?
    • Please explain why this is impossible.
  • 宾语从句使用陈述语句：从属连词/连接代词/连接副词+主语+谓语+其他成分；who，which，what有时直接做从句的主语
    • could you tell me when the train will leave?
  • 从属连词whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，但whether之后可紧跟or not，而if不行
    • I can't say if they can come on time.
• 同位语从句
  • 在复合句中用一个从句对另一个名词或代词作进一步解释，说明他指的是谁或是什么
  • 常引导同位语从句的名词有：answer,belief,decision,doubt,evidence,fact,hope,idea,news,promise,question,remark,report,thought,truth等
    • There can be no dpubt that she's qualified for the job.
  • that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的区别：that在同位语从句中仅做从属连词，无任何意义；而它的定语从句中做关系代词，代替先行词的含义
    • （that引导的是同位语从句，对conclusion进行说明）The conclusion that Hans was identifying the horses with his father was surprising.
    • （that引导的时候定语从句，that代替conclusion）The conclusion that Freud got was surprising.
• 表语从句
  • 在复合句中用一个从句作表语
  • 表语从句通常由that，whether，who，what，why，when，how，as，if，as though，because等从属连词，连接代词或连接副词引导
    • The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late.
  • 由连接代词或连接副词引导的表语从句使用陈述语句语序：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分；有时who和what直接做主语
    • The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
  • 引导词that的省略；除了口语或非正式文体，引导表语从句的that通常不省略
    • My idea is (that) wo should do it right away.
• 注意：if不能引导表语从句