导图社区 考研英语语法-刘大雁老师视频笔记
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考研英语语法-刘大雁老师视频笔记
在职考研时看刘晓艳老师的视频记下的笔记，长这么大第一次系统的学习英语语法，觉得还蛮有用就分享出来，希望能帮助到也在学习的人
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英语语法
简单句
句子分类
主谓
He died
We laugh
主谓宾
谓语：实义动词
I grew up in this small town
主谓表（主系表）
谓语：系动词
be
感官动词
look
smell
taste
sound
feel
表变化
become
get
turn
grow
表保持
keep
remain
stay
表表象
seem
appear
表终止
prove
The sweater grew dirty
主谓双宾
I bought him a dog
与宾补的区别：在两个宾语之间加入be动词后读起来不对劲
主谓宾宾补
You should keep the room clean and tidy
句子成分
谓语
谓语成分
有时态的实义动词或系动词充当谓语
Your mother must be very beautiful
动词能不能多
谓语只能是动词
动词只能做谓语
不能做主语：Laugh at others is my hobby
不能做宾语：I enjoy see movies
不能做表语：My dream is become a rich lady
把所有不做谓语的动词变成不是动词
v. ing（主动）
v. ed（被动）
to do（目的）
非谓语动词
examples
她穿上外衣。锁上门，离开了家
He putting on his jacket, locking the door, left home
大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部森林
pandas are the rarest members in bear farmily, mainly living in forest of Chinese southwest
长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，
YangZi River flowing through diverse ecological systems, keeps the home(habitat) of a sea of endanger species, irrigating Chinese 1/5 land
我爱你，你爱我
I loving you, you love me （独立主格）
冬天来了，春天就不远了
Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner （独立主格）
我是一个老师，我喜欢唱歌
(I) being a teacher, I have passion for singing song
动词能不能少
一定不能少
Your mother must be very beautiful
I am against you
当一句话需要动词而没有动词的时候永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思
主语
主语的成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句（引导词加句子）
Handsome and strong are his nature
Handsomeness and strength are his nature
Being handsome and strong is his nature
主语能不能少
如果没有主语
加 it 作为主语：必须和天气、温度、时间有关系
It is hot outside
It keeps raining
there be 句型：意思中包含“有”字
There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me
Ther are numerous factors accounting for(explicating, explaining) my perspective
被动：所有用人称代词做主语的句子都可以考虑写成被动
persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial(vital)
Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing a mount of exports(professors)
三种情况无被动
动词后有介词时无被动
系动词没有被动
have表达“有”的意思时无被动
不及物动词
人称代词：不到万不得已，最好不要使用
example
如果有梦想，就应该会成功
If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieced
宾语
宾语成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句（引导词加句子）
表语
表语成分
名词
I am a teacher
代词
非谓语动词
My dream is to become a poet
My dream is becoming a poet
从句（引导词加句子）
形容词
I am beautiful
介词短语
I am in Chongqing
example
I smile on the stage （主谓结构）
I exchange with my watch（及物动词后面必须有宾语，缺少宾语）
应用
写作
所有写不来的长难句暂时都写成简单句，一定要保证语法正确
长难句
第一步找动词，也就是谓语，从而找到一句话的主谓宾
如果一句话当中找到多个动词，确定主句的那个动词（主句动词前面没有引导词）
并列句
什么是并列句？
就是用连词连接两个句子
常见并列连词
平行关系
and
not only...but also...
副词或介词短语：similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the mean while
转折关系
but
yet
while
whereas
副词或介词短语：however, nervertheless, conversely, on the contrary, unexpectedly, unfortunately
选择关系
or
whether...or...
副词或介词短语：alternatively
因果关系
for
so
副词或介词短语：therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
递进关系
then
副词或介词短语：besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition
规则
使用连词时，两句话之间的逗号可有可无。
使用非连词逻辑关系词时，不能连接两个句子，要么中间要是句号，要么加 and 连接
应用
写作
主要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系就一定要用逻辑关系词（连词、副词、介词和介词短语）
example
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎：There remain a host of companies coming from afar(the distance), and consequently I feel more than delighted.
完型
只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就可以了
长难句分析
只要有并列连词的出现，通常都会有省略，翻译的时候先把省略补上
分析长难句的第二步是找连词，但是连词连接两个单词的时候直接无视
如何查找省略的内容
省略一定发生在连词后
连词后面有的成分连词前面通常有，如果连词后只有一个成分的时候前面必然能找到对应成分
连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分就是省略的内容
example
I was beaten and you
名词性从句
名词可作为
主语：The movie looks terrific
宾语：I admire his mother
表语：Gump is a man
同位语：I enjoy the part, the beginning
同位语（同样位置）-用来解释名词的成分就是同位语
I, a university student, like Eason, A well-know singer from Hongkong.
My mother, a typical housewife, enjoy palying Mahjong, a chinese entertainment.
在作文中只要见到名词就可以考虑加同位语对该名词进行补充说明
Persistent, an active mentality, plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults
可作为同位语的成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词：I enjoy the sports, running.
从句
什么是名词性从句
主语从句：What I saw looks terrific
宾语从句：I admire his mother what she said
表语从句：Gump is who we should learn from
同位语从句：I enjoy the part that a bird is flying in sky (从句做同位语没有逗号）
名词在句子中充当的成分，从句都能充当，这就是名词性从句
名词性从句的引导词
He has got divorce is my fault
That he has got divorce is my fault
Has he got divorce is obvious
Whether he has got divorce is obvious
Who will he marry is a secret
Who he will marry is a secret
名词性从句引导词按照从句类型分类
that：陈述句，不充当成分，也没有意思
whether：一般疑问句，不充当成分，表示“是否”的意思
所有的特殊疑问词：特殊疑问句，疑问词
所有的从句都是陈述句形式，引导词+主语+谓语
example
I am wondering whether aliens exist （我想知道外星人是否存在）
That ladies tend to be right remains common knowledge （女人总是对的，这是一个常识）
My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese tradition(conventional) virtue （我的意思是孝敬父母是中国的传统美德）
Someday, one will perceive that career, kinship and friendship are(prove) more indispensable than romance （有一天你会发现事业、情亲和友情比爱情更重要）that 引导的宾语从句
The point is(seems) when wealth will become avaliable for you （关键是你什么时候有线）
应用
主句从句满分句型
It……that……（it 做形式主语，把主语从句放到后面）
It is apparent that……
It looks beyond dispute that……
It has been widely accepted that……
It is universally acknowledged that……
众所周知/显而易见
It keep my argument that…… （我认为……）
可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面
example
It looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight （显然关于勤奋的话题已经引起了广泛的关注）
同位语从句满分句型
The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced（他找到了女朋友使得他父母很高兴）
The matter makes his superiors rejoiced that he managed to find a girlfriend （同位语从句放在句末）
Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old （没有什么事能掩盖她在变老的事实）
The outlook proves wrong that private individuals in HeNan are(seem) all deceivers （河南人都是骗子这种想法是不正确的）
The evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms indicate that childrens should by no means be spoiled by their sensor citizens（温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明我们不应该溺爱孩子）
长难句分析
主语从句
只要见到有引导词在句首并且从句没有被逗号隔开，一定是主语从句。主语从句从名词后开始到主句的谓语动词结束；见到 It...that... 通常都是主语从句，到句末结束
宾语从句
只要实义动词后有一个引导词，就暂定为宾语从句，状语从句也有可能
宾语从句的 that 可以省略
She said (that) she would marry an old rich man
宾语从句中的“是否”可以写 if
I wonder if I can pass National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly
it 做形式宾语
I find it pleasant to be with him
We think it pity that the party was canceled
We must make it clear that authorities involved are to spare no effort to curb the phenomenon of abusing kids
表语从句
只要系动词的后面有一个引导词就是表语从句
同位语从句
只要名词后面有一个引导词就暂定为同位语从句，更可能是定语从句
定语从句（形容词性从句）
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的成分
成分
形容词
The navie nightgale died
名词（短语）
The singing of nightgale can make the rose bloom
介词短语
The nightgale out of window heard the sighs of the youngster
非谓语动词
The singing nightgale lost his life
从句
定语的位置
前小后大：当一个单词修饰时通常放在名词前，多个单词时通常放在名词后
This is a fiction about a nightgale and a rose
The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince
The boy rejected looks pitiful
过去分词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后
I have something important to tell you
当形容词修饰不定代词时，通常放在名词后
定语从句的引导词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词
1.当先行词是人：who whom whose
2.当先行词是物： that which whose
3.当先行词是时间：that which when
4.当先行词是地点： that which where
5.当先行词是原因： that which why
引导词的选择
看先行词
引导词在从句中能够充当的成分
先行词是时间，从句完整：I will never forget the day when I met you. （when作副词）
先行词是时间，从句缺宾语：I will never forget the day that we spent. （that 作代词）
先行词是原因，从句完整：You had batter have some reason why you are late. （why作副词）
先行词是原因，从句缺主语：You had batter have some reason that sound perfect. （that 作代词）
新分类标准
代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who whom that which
副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where when why
形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的名词）：whose
examples
The rose that nightgale exchanged with his life was discard. （定语从句）
Buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful （定语从句）
it has been validated by numerous(countless) facts that glories(success) belong to those with dreams（成功属于有梦想的人已经被无数的事实证明） （主语从句）
wearing my own shoes not only proves convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ingored. （穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且可以保证一点，不用关心别人的感受）（同位语从句）
The key of the issue is(seems) who should be responsible for decline of moral(ethics) （表语从句）
He whose appearence looks indecent(sloppy) is(proves) noble in his mind （定语从句）
It is crucial that those who spare no efforts to realize their dreams never feel regretful although glories fail to be achieved.
Students who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly trend to find that the consequence proves less impressive
特殊用法
that 在引导定语从句的时候，如果 that 充当宾语，that 可以省略
I enjoy the book that my ma bought for me. （如果见到两个名词或代词直接放到一起，中间没有标点或连词隔开，通常都是省略了 that 的定语从句）
限制性与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，没有它，先行词的意义或身份就不明确，所以它在句中必不可少
非限制性定语从句：对先行词起解释或补充说明的作用，前后有逗号与主句隔开，可有可无
先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况
人只能用 whom ： He is the man from whom we should learn
物只能用 which：I will never forget the day on which I meet you
the same ... as 与 the same ... that 引导的定语从句
He is the same man as I love （as 译作“像”）
He is the same man that I love （that 译作“是”）
as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句
which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整个句子（也就是先行词是整个句子），as 也可以，但是 which 只能放在主句的后面，as 则可前可后
He enjoys talking with young ladies, which drives me mad
引导词 that 和 which 的区别
不重要
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
①对名词的修饰 ②that 在从句中充当成分 ③先行词可以是所有名词 ④引导词有 8 个
I have a dream that sounds funny. （定语从句）
①对名词的解释 ②that 在从句中不充当成分 ③先行词只能是抽象名词 ④引导词一般是 that
I have a dream that I will become a rich lady. （同位语从句）
定语从句的难点：寻找先行词
是从句前最近的名词
是从句前并列的几个名词
For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.
是从句前面的一个从句
The Greek assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the process of though, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
是从句前面的整个句子
My husband enjoy talking with other young ladies, which really gets me go mad.
应用
写作
在作文中见到名词都可以有意识的加上定语成分
Pets can reduce loneliness
Pets which look cute as well as healthy can reduce loneliness of citizens and children who stay at home alone.
Reading books can add knowledge.
Reading books which keep beneficial to our physical and mental health can add knowledge of all children and adults
短句写成长句
WuZhen is a water town in ZheJiang province. It locates near the river from BeiJing to HangZhou.
WuZhen is a water town in ZJ province, locating near the river from BJ to HZ. （独立主格）
WuZhen is a water town in ZJ province and locates near the river from BJ to HZ. （加连词）
WuZhen which locates near the river from BJ to HZ is a water town in ZJ province. （从句）
Doors will be decorated by couplets whose topics are involved in health, wealth and good luck.
长难句
找定语
只要名词后面有一堆不是动词的东西就暂定为修饰这个名词的定语成分，定语从名词后开始到主句的下一个成分结束。一个大定语中通常会有多个小定语，每一个小定语到下一个名词后结束
Some of these cause are completely reasonable results of social needs. Other are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
Whether to use tests, other kinds of information or both in particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as costs and avaliability.
状语从句
形容词和副词充当的成分
形容词
系动词后面作表语
名词前面作定语
副词
修饰实义动词
he cried sadly
修饰形容词，作
he looks especially sad
修饰副词
he cried rather sadly
副词修饰整个句子
actually, he cries
副词无论放在哪都是作状语
什么是状语
状语是在一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分（除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都可以修饰）
状语的成分
副词
She smiles sweetly
介词短语
He run fast like a crazy dog
非谓语动词
She cried, sitting there
从句
She cried when she sat there
状语的位置
位置可以随便放
按照引导词本身意思分类
时间状语从句
引导词
when = while = as
before
after
since（译作“自从”）
主句必须用现在完成时态 I have fallen in love with you since I met you.
the moment = as soon as（译作“一……就……”）
by the time （译作“到……为止”）
until
not……until
时态问题
在所有的状语从句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来（即主将从现）
尚未发生：When love comes, I will hold her hands.
已经发生过了，该用什么时态就用什么时态：When love came, I failed to hold her hands.
区别 until 和 not …… until
主句的动词是延续性动词，用 until ：I will wait here until you come.
主句的动词是瞬间动词，用 not …… until ：I will not leave until you come.
I did not realize the greatness of mothers until I grew up.
when 引导的时间状语从句省略的情况
如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语中有 be 动词，此时从句的主语和be 动词可以同时省略：when I was a kid, I enjoyed singing song.
地点状语从句
引导词
where
The kind of trees grow well in moist place.
The kind of trees grow well where it is moist.
作地点状语从句的通常都是介词短语，很少是从句
原因状语从句
引导词（都译作“因为”）
because
as
in that
用的较多
since
seeing that
considering that
now that
given that
连词 for
介词短语
because of
due to
owing to
thanks to
for the sake of
as a result of
后面+n/doing
examples
引导词
He had a accident because he was careless.
Because he was careless, he had a accident.
连词
He had a accident for he was careless.
For he was careless, he had a accident. （连词必须连接两个句子）
介词短语
He had a accident because of his careless. （介词短语后面+名词）
He ,because of his careless, had a accident.
目的状语从句
引导词
so that
表示目的，一般放到句末而不放在句首
in order that
动词不定式
in order to
to
so as to
后面+v
examples
We will ascend(climp) higher in order to overlook farther
We will ascend higher in order that we overlook farther
结果状语从句
引导词
so …… that ……
后面跟形容词或副词
such …… that
后面跟名词
examples
You are such people that all of us fail to love you
It feels so hot today that I wear my dress
My ma proves so kind that she is repected by all her (staff)colleague
so …… that …… 可以替换 very + 形容词或副词
让步状语从句
引导词
although
though
even though
even if
as
as 引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装
while （译作“虽然”时只能放在句首）
examples
As I seem ugly, but I keep gentle.
ugly as I seem, I keep gentle.
simple as the (chart)graph looks, the outlook behind proves far reaching —— national products become increasing popular with Chinese customers
She looks like a beauty although
Raising pets can cultivate the loving heart of kids although they might be injurious to their families or neighbors
方式状语从句
引导词
as
the way
as if / though
译作“好像，似乎”
介词短语
by
through
by means of
in …… way / manner
examples
She looks as if she were made of ice
条件状语从句
引导词
suppose that
supposing that
if
unless
provided that
as long as
so long as
example
As long as there seems a glimmer of hope, I will nerver give up
比较状语从句
引导词
as …… as ……
than
example
You are as beautiful as I am beautiful
You are more beautiful than I am beautiful
应用
写作
作文中任何一句话都可以加一个状语把句子拉长
One can live as if he were a pig. Conversely, he can never be as delighted as a pig.
长难句
要能够快速识别一句话中的状语成分，且能通顺翻译出来
只要在句子中见到副词、比较、条件、结果、原因、让步、目的、方式、伴随就一定是状语
见到名词+时间/地点区别
如果无法确定是定语还是状语遵循定语优先原则
example
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientist use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子成分总结
主干成分
主语
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句
谓语
实义动词
系动词
宾语
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句
表语
名词
代词
非谓语动词
形容词
介词短语
从句
修饰成分
同位语
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句
定语
名词
代词
非谓语动词
形容词
介词短语
从句
状语
副词
非谓语动词
介词短语
从句
补语
1. 主语和宾语和同位语成分一致，主谓可通过被动互相转换，而同位语修饰的名词通常作主谓 2. 表语和定语成分一致，二者都可看做修饰名词的 3. 非谓语动词和从句可充当的成分一致 4. 介词短语只能作为①表语，②定语，③状语 5. 副词只能作状语，状语却不只包含副词
example
My ma is an elegant lady
My ma is a lady of elegance （名词修饰名词）
My ma is a lady as elegant as a lily（介词短语修饰名词）
My ma is a lady looking as elegant as a lily（非谓语修饰名词）
My ma is a lady who looks as elegant as lily（定语从句修饰名词）
She killed her husband with a sharp knife
She, applying a sharp knife, killed her husband
When she applied a sharp knife, she killed her husband
She killed her husband cruelly
My dream is to pass the examination of postgraduates
My dream is that I pass the examination of postgraduates
Teachers' Day approaching, I express my sincere appreciation to teachers who given me assistance by this chance.（教师节快到了，我借这个机会向帮助过我的老师表达真诚的感谢）
The truth has been accepted by the mass that life becomes so short(transient) that everyday should be (valued)treasured. （生命很短暂这个事实被人们接受了）
Students who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations perceive that the consequence proves less impressive(unsatisfied)
I think deeply about whether I should leave my boyfriend to accomplishing my dream
I, in order to realize my dream, am considering whether I should depart with my boyfriend.
The driver should be pass slowly near the school area
where there exists a school, drivers should go slowly.
长难句的模样
（状语）,主语（定/同/状语）谓语 宾语（定/同/状语）
example
English is vital
English , a universal language throughout the world, is vital although it is hard to recite these words.
I will recommend you a tourist attraction
I, a undergraduate in this university, will recommend you a tourist attraction which keeps popular with Chinese travelers.
as 意思总结
as + n ： 作为
作为
v + …… + as ：as的意思取决于动词的意思
as的意思取决于动词的意思
as + 句子 ：在引导状语从句，可译作：①当……时候；②因为；③虽然；④似乎；⑤和……一样，还可能是引导定语从句
example
Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to drawn up alphabetically, and their receipts lose interest as they plough through them.（求职面试名单、投票选举名单、会议发言人及与会人名单，往往是按照字母排序的，当人们费劲地翻看这些名单时，兴味也会随之索然）
than 总结
not so much as = not even （译作“甚至不/没有”）
He can not so much as spell a word.
He did not so much as ask me to sit down.
not so much A as B （译作“与其说A倒不如说B”)
He is not so much a teacher as a poet.
more A than B (译作“与其说A倒不如说B”）
He is more a poet than a teacher.
more than + 名词 （译作“不仅仅是……”）
more than + 形容词/副词 （译作“非常的……”）
more than + 数词 （译作“比……多”）
特殊语法
强调句型
It is/was ... that ...
强调句型可以强调句子中所有的成分，唯一不能强调谓语
examples
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street.
It is to realize my dream that I am considering whether I should depart with my boyfriend.
There remain abundant elements to account for the issue.
It is abundant elements that there remain to account for the issue.
So far, you have never realized that because you had unfavorable friends, you failed to go to your dreamful university.
So far, you have never realized that it was because you had unfavorable friends that you failed to go to your dreamful university.
But it is the arrival of new satellite channels——funded partly by adverting and partly by viewers' subscription——that will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
就是由部分广告和部分观众订阅资助的新卫星频道的到来将带来长期的重大变化
与主语从句的区别
主语从句
It is obvious that I love you.
强调句型
It is obviously that I love you. （去掉It is 和 that 仍然是一个句子）
倒装句
什么是倒装
倒装就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，也就是给一句话加一个助动词或把be动词放在句首
倒装的用法
否定词放在句首用倒装
I can hardly speak Japanese
Hardly can I speak Japanese
Playing phones not only influences the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.
Not only dose playing phones influence the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.
Under no circumstances can we keep a blind eye to the issue of environmental protection.
so, nor/neither位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装
I can cook. so can I
I can not cook. Nor can I
含有so...that...结构的句子将so引导的部分置于句首时用倒装
I feel so rejoiced that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
So rejoiced do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
only+状语放在句首时用倒装
Only when romance comes, will I hold his hands.
Only through adopting those actions can the issue be handled.
as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装
省略if的虚拟语气用倒装
examples
文化交流不仅能促进我们国家的经济发展，而且还能开阔个人的眼界
Not only can cultural exchange promote economic advance but also make out eyesight broad.
我累的浑身都没有劲了
I am so exhausted that I have no energy throughout.
So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout
只有在自己家里，我才感到安全和放松
Only at home do I feel safe and relaxed
虚拟语气
什么是虚拟语气
表示与事实相反
表示语气委婉
一般用法
if引导的条件状语从句 --> 虚拟语气 （只需要把已经写好句子的时态变成过去式）
If you are a tear in my eyes, I will never shed it.
If you ware a tear in my eyes, I would never shed it.
虚拟语气中，①be动词的过去式只有ware没有was；②could=would=might
If I was a dog last night, I could sleep with you in bed.
If I had been a dog last night, I could have slept with you in bed. （过去时变成过去完成时）
examples
If I remembered you in my next life, we would never separate with each other.
If you obeyed my instruuction at the outset, you could pass the examination.
If you had obeyed my instruuction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.
特殊用法
以下情况从句用“should+v.”表示虚拟，并且 should 可以省略
以防
incase，lest，for fear that
Incase that you should develop fatal infections, you had better stay at home.（从句用should+v.表虚拟，主句不动）
命
order，direct，command
建
advise，suggest，propose
要求
ask，request，demand，require
用虚拟
是必要的
It is necessary/important that
It seems crucial that more activites shoud(可省略) be attended to show myself.
以下情况从句用过去时表示虚拟
would rather（宁愿）
It is high time that（是...的时候了）
It is high time that the independence of kids were cultivated by senior citizens.
以下情况要区别对待
常见词：wish，if only（要是...就好了），but for（要不是），or/otherwise，as if/as though（好像，似乎）
If only I were your child.
补充情态动词
两种用法
表示对现在和将来的推测
情态动词 + 动词原形
I must be wealthy in the future.