The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
表语
The present situation is inspiring.
宾补
He could hear his heart beating fast.
状语：adv
时间状语:（While） working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
原因状语：Not knowing English, he couldn't understand the film.
伴随状语: He stayed at homelea, cleaning the house and washing clothes.
条件状语：（If ）playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
结果状语：He dropped the glass breaking it into pieces.
让步状语: (Though) raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
v-ed分词
构成：v-ed
功能
定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last monday.
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting.
表语：The window is broken.//They were frightened at the sad sight.
子主题
宾补: 1. I heard the song sung several times last week. 2. With the work done, they went out to play.
状语:1. When completed, the canal will connect the river with the nake. 2. Given more time, I will be able to do it better.
动名词v- ing
构成
v-ing
being done
having done
having been done
功能
主语
Reading aloud is very helpful.
It's no use crying.
宾语
v+v-ing
They haven't finished building the dam.
prep+v-ing
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
表语
In the ant colony， the queen job is laying eggs=Layings is queen job.
定语
He can't walk without a walking stick.= a stick for walking.
不定式to do
构成
to do//to be done
to be doing
to have done, to have been done
特征
没有人称和数的变化,
功能
主语
To finish this work is hard.
It is hard to finish this work.
It is nice of you to help me finish this work.
It's my turn to finish this work.
It took me several days to finish this work.
宾语
v+to do :stop to do, choose to do, decided to do, expect to do, forget to do dislike to do, help to do, hope to do, learn to do, need to do, want to do....
Max found it important to study the situation in Russia.
I don't know how to do it.
I have no choice but to stay here.// He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
表语
His job is to clean the hall.=To clean the hall is his job.
定语
I have a meeting to attend.//He found a good house to live in.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
Have you got anything to send?
He is the first to get here.
宾补
v+sb+to do sth：ask sb to do sth; tell sb to do sth; persuade sb to do sth; allow sb to do sth......He told me to turn down the TV.
I saw him cross the road=He was seen to cross the road.
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
状语
目的：To save money, he has tried to every means.
结果 ：He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
原因：They were very sad + to hear the news.
程度：The question is simple for him to answer.
常用句式
The boy is too young to look after himself.
He isn't strong enough to lift the box.
She prefers to receive a small gift rather than get alot of money.
