导图社区 名词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句思维导图
名词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句思维导图,介绍了英语三大从句的基础知识,以及每个从句所包含的细节知识点。
编辑于2021-11-30 10:31:26从句
名词性从句
主语从句
it 作形式主语
whether 与 if 引导主语从句的区别(位置、 or not )
宾语从句
在句中作 Vt./prep 的宾语
it 作形宾: Vt +it + 宾补+ 宾语从句. that不可省略
在介词 in , except , save , besides , but 之后可以用 that 从句 in that 因为, except that除了 , but that 要不是, save that 除了 besides that 除了
whether和 if引导的宾语从句可互换,但介词后只能用whether
宾语从句的that 通常可以省略,但以下不可
当主句谓语动词连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时只有第一个可以省略
当主句与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时
当宾语从句是复合句,且该复合句的从句位于主句之前 He promised that if he came back early,he would cook for her.
当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
当 it做形宾时,且that 引导的宾语从句后置时。 She makes it clear that the meeting won't be put off.p
表语从句
做表语,位于系动词之后
可用 whether,as if,as though引导,但if不行
当主句主语是reason时,表语从句用that,b不能用because
that's why +结果
that′s because+原因
that′s reason why/for…is/was that … The reason why he was dismissed was that he was careless and irresponsible.
同位语从句
跟在名词后面,表达具体内容,起解释说明作用。 hope fact message problem conclusion doubt decision
有时同位语可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后, Word came that he had been aboard.
doubt在否定句中带同位语从句时的引导词是that, 肯定句中一般用whether
常用的连词:that whether that 不可省略 连接副词:how when where why if 和 which 不能引导同位语从句
连接词:that,if ,as if,as thought 用来引导陈述句,本身无意义,在表,宾中通常可省略 连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever 在句子中做相应的句子成分 连接副词:when,why,how,where 在句子中做相应的句子成分
定语从句
限制性定语从句
先行词是人,且在从句中做主语,用关系代词 who /that 作宾语用 who /whom 1 that 或者省略
先行词是物,可用关系代词which/that 充当主或宾,做定时可省略。 which还可以指代婴儿、动物和表示单数意义的集合名词 还可以指人的属性,如身份、地位、职业、品格
先行词是人或物时,且在从句中做定语,用whose引导,相当于先行词的所有格,也可替换成of which(物),of whom(人)
when和where可以用prep+which替换,why的先行词只能是reason,why可以用for which 替代
只能用that,不能用which
当先行词为不定代词时:all nothing little none few
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
当先行词被限定词修饰时:no some any only very much every
当先行词既有人又有物时
当先行词为主句的表语或关系代词为主句的表语时 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
there be 句型中,先行词为物时
当先行词前有who which what 等特殊代词时
只能用which,不能用that
非限制性定语从句
which之前可接介词
先行词本身为that 时
准关系代词:as than but
as:such(+n.)+as… 像…一样的 the same (+n.)+as 和…一样的 the same as 同样的人或事 such as 这样的东西或人 as…as
than :more…than,less…than,fewer…than.此时than前面要有名词 I have more money than is needed.
but:but是具有否定意义的准关系代词,代替人或物,在意义上等同于that/which/who…not, but 前面的主句要有另一个否定意义 There is nothing but she can do.没有她做不到的事。
非限制性定语从句
非限制与限制的区别
非限制关系词不可省略
whom 在非限制性从句中做宾语时不可用who来替代
非可以指代整个句子,常用which 引导,也可用 in which case,at which point,on which occasion(从句谓语要用第三人称单数)
as 与which引导非限制的区别
as只指代整个句子,which既可指整句,也可指其中一部分
as引导从句表示正如,没有具体内容,which可指代具体内容
as位置灵活,which 只能放在主句后
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句关系词要替代先行词充当成分,有时可省略,同位语从句不充当成分,但不可省略
定语从句不能用whether how 引导,同位语从句可以
状语从句
时间
连词:after as before since till until as soon as when whenever while as long as no sooner than
副词:immediately directly instantly
名词短语:the moment the minute the instant the second every time
介词短语: by the time
no sooner…than和scarcely/hardly/barely…when(刚…就)结构中,no sooner,hardly等置于句首,要用倒装。
till和untill一般情况可互换,但从句位于句首,只能用until,强调句中也多untill. 如主句谓语动词为瞬时动词,必须用否定形式,如是延续性动词,肯否都可。肯定句时表示直到…为止,否定句表示直到…才
地点
where wherever everywhere anywhere
有时,where引导的地点状语兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句前面 Where there is a will,there is a way.
条件
if unless, only if(只要)if only(但愿…就好了) as/so long as(只要) provided/providing that,suppose/supposing that(假如) on condition that (条件是) in the event that (倘若) in case that 万一
if unless, only if(只要)if only(但愿…就好了) as/so long as(只要) provided/providing that,suppose/supposing that(假如) on condition that (条件是) in the event that (倘若) in case that 万一
真实条件句用陈述句 非真实条件句用虚拟语气
only if 和if only的区别
only if 只要…引导陈述语气的真实条件句,放句首用倒装
if only 引导虚拟语气,也可引导感叹句,但愿…就好了
原因
as since because for now that in that seeing that on the ground(s) that
让步
as even if even though however whatever no matter how/what/when/where whether…or…(不管是…还是…)granted that (即使) for all that (尽管如此) in spite of the fact that(尽管)regardless of the fact that(尽管)
despite in spite of for all 尽管,但是只能接名词结构
no matter whether…or…通常将no matter 省略,形成由whether…or(not) 引导的让步状语从句,表示不管…还是…。当从句中含有be动词时,可进一步省略,变成be+主语+…or… be she free or busy =whether she is free or busy
while 引导让步状语从句,只能置于句首,意义上相当于although
as和though引导的让步状语从句通常用倒装结构,as必须用倒装,though可用可不用。这种结构通常是把从句中的表语,状语或谓语动词放在句首,做表语的名词前如有不定冠词a an .在倒装结构中,前面不能再加冠词。 much as I like english,I am going to choose civil engineering as my major.
方式
as as if as though the way how
比较
as…as, the same as ,such…as,than,what
as和than连接的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分,只留下对比的部分,业常用替代词do或其他助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。 Tom is more diligent than Bob (is). Jack works as hard as Bill(does).
As A is B,so C is D=C is D as/what A is B. 补充:A is to B what C is to D.
目的
so that 为了 inorder that 为了 in case 万一 lest 以防for fear that以防
结果
so/such…that 如此…以至于
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句
such+形容词+复数名词+that从句
such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句
so/such that 结果,所以
so much…that 和 so much so that 比so…that 和 so that在语气上更强。