导图社区 非谓语动词
专升本非谓语动词知识总结,包括非谓语动词形式、非谓语动词之“灵魂三问”、非谓语动词的语法功能、独立主格等内容。
编辑于2022-01-08 21:22:27非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式
1. to do
一般形式
to do(主动/主动+将来)
to be done(被动/被动+将来)
进行式
to be doing(主动+进行)
完成时
to have done(主动+完成)
to have been done(被动+完成)
完成进行式
to have been doing(主动+完成进行)
2. doing
一般形式
doing(主动/主动+进行)
being done(被动/被动+进行)
完成式
having done(主动+完成)
having been done(被动+完成)
非谓语动词的语法功能
to do/doing作主语的用法
1. to do与doing的区别
to do侧重于表示一次性的动作,doing侧重于表示经常、习惯性的动作
2. it 作形式主语
to do作真正主语
It is+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth. (对于某人来说)/(某人)做某事是...
for sb. difficult escsy important impossible necessary danserous
of sb. kind nind wise caleful clever honest impolite
It taks(sb.)+时间+to do sth.做某事花费(某人)...时间
doing作真正主语
It is/was no/not any/of little good+doing sth. 做某事没有用途
It is/was useless/of little use+doing sth. 做某事没有用途
It is/was a waste of time+doing sth. 做某事浪费时间
to do/doing作宾语的用法
动词和词组用to do作宾语。(不定式否定not to do)
decide fail未能 determine决定 learn want expect hope wish refuse拒绝 manage成功 pretend假装 agree strive努力 would like想要 would love很想 would prefer更喜欢
注意:what who when where how wether+to do,但way+do
动词后用doing作宾语
consider suggest advise postpone推迟 look for ward to ; admit承认 delay推迟 forbid禁止 prohibit禁止 avoid miss keep practise deny finish enjoy appreciate can't help can't imagine ; mind allow permit允许 escape discass risk prevent
动词词组用doing作宾语
be use to习惯;lead to导致;devots to奉献;stick to ; get doen to ; pay attention to ; can't stand无法忍受;give up放弃;feel like想要;insist on坚持;keep on ; put off ; thank you for ; apologize for道歉;be busy(in);have difficulty/trouble(in)做什么很难;have good、wonderful/hard time(in)愉快/很难做某事
注意:your his her their+doing(动名词)=名词
即可接to do也可接doing作宾语
forget todo sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事
remember todo sth.记得未做某事 remeber doing sth.记得做过某事
stop todo sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做一件事
go on todo sth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
try todo sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试着做某事
mean todo sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can't help todo sth.不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
注意:allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.(doing 作宾语) allow/advise/forbid/permit sb todo sth.(todo 作宾补)
sth+need/require/want+doing/to be done;need/require/want sb. todo sth.
worth worthy worthwhile的用法
worth
be+worth+sth.价值...;值得...
be+worth+doing sth.值得(被)...
worthy
be+worthy+of+sth/doing sth. ...是值得的
be+worthy+to be done.某事值得(被)...
worthwhile
It+be worthwhile to do sth....是值得的
to do在介词but; other than(除了)有实义动词do,不用带to,无实义动词do,带to
can't; choose; bu; can't help but; can't but+do
doing/done做表语的用法
-ing 形容物,“令人...的” -ed形容人,“感到...的”
doing/to do/done作宾语补足语的用法
感官动词see watch notice observe hear等和使役动词have make let后面的宾补有三种形式,即do(不带to 的不定式)、doing和done。do表示主动且完成,doing表示主动且进行,done表示被动且完成。
get sb.to do stuff.使/让/叫某人去做某事 非谓语作宾补:(…sb/sty+非谓语:逻辑主语)
get sth.done使/让某事/物被做(被动)
keep an./sth.doing 使/让某人/事/物持续做
keep sb/sth.done 使/让某人/事/物被做
如果宾补是不带to的不定式,变为被动形式时,不定式必须带to
Leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,leave应翻译为“使…处于某种状态”
leave sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人/某物一直…(主动 进行)
leave sth.undone 留下某事未被做(被动 完成)
leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事
leave sth.to be done 留下某事要被做(不定式表示将来的动作)
advise allow ask beg cause encourage expect force get intend forbid permit invite like love order persuade require teach tell want wish think ; wait for ; call on. ; depend on ; +sb/sth +to do作宾语补足语
to do/doing/done作定语的用法
to do作名词的后置定语
to do表示主动和将来;to be done表示被动和将来
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词
一些抽象名词通常在其后用to do作定语,如ability chance promise reply attempt way reason time.. idea fact excuse借口 answer belief moment时刻 等
doing/done作定语
doing,being done和done三种非谓语形式可以作名词后置定语。doing表示主动(+进行),being done表示被动+进行,done表示被动(+完成)
doing和done作名词前置定语时,doing表示正在进行,done表示已经完成
to do/doing/done作状语的用法
to do/to be done 作状语
表示目的的状语
注意⚠️强调to do所表示的目的或需要表示否定的目的时,也可用in order(not)to/so as(not)to(以便,为了做/不做)+do的结构,so as to不用于居首
表示结果状语
only to do表:主动,出乎意料的事情 only to be done表:(逻辑主语)被动,出乎意料的事情
注意⚠️结果状语也可以用so…as to, such…as to, too…to, enough…to等结构来表示
doing/done作状语
形式类别
doing 与逻辑主语是主动关系,与句中谓语动词(基本上)同时发生
having done与逻辑主语是主动关系,发生于句中谓语动词之前(时间)
done与逻辑主语是被动关系,与句中谓语动词同时发生或先于谓语动词发生
having been done与逻辑主语是被动关系,发生于句中谓语动词之前。
独立主格
不定式表将来
短前长后
it 作形式主语(水货主语)
不定式:表将来 主动
不定式作目的,一般表将来
浮动主题