以名词为中心词
结构:① (限定词)+(前置修饰语)+名词+(后置修饰语)
eg: all the college student, the tall boy sitting in the conner
②单个名词~(￣▽￣)~*, 要在句子中才行
动词词组Verb Phrase
以主动词为中心词
根据组成
简单动词词组Simple
只包括一个主动词或者主动词带修饰语
eg: She looks pale.
They fully appreciate our problems.
复杂动词词组Complex
由一个或一个以上的助动词+主动词构成
eg:It is getting dark.
She ought to have told him about it.
The children might have been playing in the garden.
也可以带修饰语
eg:I have rarely reviewed a more dishonest book.
动词词组的第一个词
若是不变的动词形式
eg:We went there to see a firm.
Having seen the firm, we had a discussion.
Painted by a artist, the portrait is invaluable.
则是非限定动词词组
形容词词组
以形容词为中心词
可以①只包含一个形容词
②(修饰语)+形容词+(后置修饰语/补足成分)
eg:The weather is fine day.
The course is pretty difficult.
The work is too difficult to learn.
It is bad for you.
副词词组
以副词为中心词
(修饰语)+介词+补足成分
eg: He speaks loudly and clearly.
She spoke very loudly indeed.
He lives farthest from the station.
介词词组
以介词为中心词, 但中心词不可能只有一个,
介词之后必须有补足成分,
有时之前还可带修饰语
(修饰语)+介词+补足成分
Do you think you can borrow some money from your frend?
We are collecting money for the benefit of some orphans.
That short story is based upon an incident in the author's life.
The student consulted his adviser about the two courses.
Food had been scarce since before the war.
The weather has been fine except in the north.
Now their footsteps could be heard directly above my head.
They followed close behind me.
eg.He knows everything about it.
That hat does not fit;you may try another.
Some of your answers were correct, but I do not remember which.
His new book will soon come out. It is on grammar.
可以发现，这些分句结构完整，与其他分句用分号/句号是独立的。
从属分句Dependent/Subordinate Clause
定义：从属于其他结构的分句
举例
eg.I am sure he knows everything about it.
If that hat does not fit, try another.
I do not remember which of your answers were correct.
His new book that will soon come out is on grammar.
或与其他分句在一个句子里，或无完整结构。
简单分句和复杂分句
简单分句Simple Clause
定义：仅包含一个主谓结构
举例
It is not true.
He said that it was not true.
PS：一个单独出现的简单分句就是简单句
复杂分句Complex Clause
定义：带有其他主谓结构作为分句成分的分句
举例
What you said is not true.
He said that what you said was not true.
PS：一个单独出现的复杂分句就是复杂句
主句和从句
主句Main Clause是相对于从句Subordinate Clause而言的
限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句
限定分句Finite Clause
定义：以限定动词词组作谓语动词的分句
非限定分句Non-finite Clause
定义：以非限定动词词组即动词不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词）作谓语动词的分句
举例
I signed the paper to get the license.
Renee bought a book to read on the plane.
It is forbidden to smoke in this room.
Can't you recall telling me that story last week?
The man, wearing such dark glasses,obviously could not see clearly.
Leaving the room, he tripped over the mat.
Covered with confusion, they apologized abjectly.
The discussion completed, the Chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour
无动词分句Verbless Clause
定义：主谓结构中不带有任何形式的动词词组作谓语动词的分句
举例
Hungry and exhausted, the climbers returns.
Confident of the justice of their cause, they agreed to put their case before the arbitration panel(仲裁小组)
One of the most popular tourist sites in Italy, Pompeii was viewed by nearly two million visitors last year.
Christmas then only days away, the family was pent up with excitement.
由上述例句可以看出，所谓“无动词分句”实际上是省略了主语和谓语动词的分句结构，上述前三例均属此类；无动词分句也可表示出自己的主语，仅仅省略了动词，上述最后一例便属此类。①
句子Sentence
句子建立在分句基础上，句子可以包含多个分句
句子与分句区别：结构形式无限
完全句Full Sentence和不完全句Minor Sentence
完全句
包括至少一个完整主谓结构的句子
作用：正式语体
不完全句
不具备完整主谓结构的句子
有的仅是省略句
例如：—When did he arrived?
—Last night.
—Who called this morning?
—Johes.
有的依赖特定语境能用
No smoking!(禁止吸烟！)
No parking!(禁止停车！)
No admittance except on business!(闲人免进！)
Fire!(着火啦！)
Help!(救人啊！)
No fishing!(禁止垂钓！)
作用：非正式语体尤其口语
正式语体中的不完全句用于强调，常出现于句首
简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句
简单句Simple Sentense
只包括一个主谓结构而且各个成分均为词组构成
I am more beautiful than so many people.
He have made better grades in the past few years.
一个主谓结构，各个成分均为词组，但词组本身带有从属分句i
The boy I meet is handsome.
并列句
并列句×n 并列
复杂句
一个主谓结构，但包括从属分句
What he said is not ture.
The boy can stay in the room so long as he keeps quite.
