非谓语动词

用思维导图学习非谓语，建构自己的知识框架：使役动词和感官动词，省略不定式符号：watch, see, hear, feel, feel ,let, make。

非谓语动词

不定式

1. 作主语

（1）短的可放前面： To see is to believe.

（2）形式主语：It is important to study hard.

2. 作宾语

（1）动词的搭配 v+to do: want to do, decide to do

（2）形式宾语： I found it hard to understand this grammar.

3. 作表语

特定的动作或未发生的：Mary's task is to clean the room.

4. 作宾补

（1）动词的搭配： invite sb to do, persuade sb to do

（2）使役动词和感官动词，省略不定式符号：watch, see, hear, feel, feel ,let, make

5. 作定语

（1）不定式表将来：The bridge to be built next year is near my house.

（2）修饰被序数词，最高级限定的中心词：He was the best man to do the job.

（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词：ability, chance, idea, fact等：Do you have the ability to read? I have no chance to read.

6. 作状语

（1）目的：to do sth, in order to do sth

（2）结果：He is too young to do it. He is old enough to do it. He arrived at the station, only to find the train had left.

（3）原因：I's sorry/excited/surprised to hear that.

7. 特殊结构

（1）独立结构： to begin with, to tell you the truth, to be frank...

（2）疑问词+不定式： What to do is not decided yet. The problem is what to do. Do you know what to do?

（3）省略to的结构：

had better do sth/would rather so sth/why not do sth

do nothing but do sth只能做某事 do anything but do sth绝不做某事 can't help but do sth忍不住做某事 can't choose but do sth只得做某事

动名词

1. 作主语

（1）Reading is good.

（2）形式主语： It's no use doing sth.

2. 作定语

表用途： a swimming pool, a washing machine

3. 作宾语

（1）动宾：enjoy doing sth

（2）介宾

4. 作表语(回答what的问题)

His favorite sport is swimming.

现在分词：主动/进行

1. 作定语

（1）相当于形容词：an exciting story

（2） 表示正在进行: falling leaves

（3）The bridge being built now is near my house.

2. 作表语

The story is exciting.

3. 作宾补

I heard someone screaming.

4. 作状语

（1）时间状语: When crossing the road, you need to be careful.

（2）原因状语:

Writing hurriedly, she didn't notice the spelling errors.

Having finished the homework, I went out to play.

Having been told the risk, she knew she needed to be careful.

Being stuck in the storm, I felt very helpless.

（3）条件状语: Working hard, you will succeed.

（4）让步状语: Admitting it is true, we couldn't explain it.

（5）方式状语: You give me such a fright hiding behind the door.

（6）伴随状语: The teacher came in, following his students.

（7）目的状语: go shopping

（8）结果状语: He fell off the bike, breaking his legs.

过去分词: 被动，完成

1. 作定语

（1）：不及物动词表示完成 fallen leaves

（2）：及物动词表示被动和完成 a broken cup

（3）The bridge built last year is near my house.

2. 作表语

I'm excited.

3. 作宾补

have sth done

4. 作状语

（1）条件状语 Given more attention, he could behave better.

（2）时间状语 Seen from the top, the city is so beautiful.

（3）原因状语 Encouraged by his teacher, he ws very happy.

（4）让步状语 Left alone at home, she didn't feel afraid.

（5）方式状语 Followed by his students, the teacher came in.