非谓语动词

用思维导图学习非谓语，建构自己的知识框架：使役动词和感官动词，省略不定式符号：watch, see, hear, feel, feel ,let, make。

非谓语动词

• 不定式
  • 1. 作主语
    • （1）短的可放前面： To see is to believe.
    • （2）形式主语：It is important to study hard.
  • 2. 作宾语
    • （1）动词的搭配 v+to do: want to do, decide to do
    • （2）形式宾语： I found it hard to understand this grammar.
  • 3. 作表语
    • 特定的动作或未发生的：Mary's task is to clean the room.
  • 4. 作宾补
    • （1）动词的搭配： invite sb to do, persuade sb to do
    • （2）使役动词和感官动词，省略不定式符号：watch, see, hear, feel, feel ,let, make
  • 5. 作定语
    • （1）不定式表将来：The bridge to be built next year is near my house.
    • （2）修饰被序数词，最高级限定的中心词：He was the best man to do the job.
    • （3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词：ability, chance, idea, fact等：Do you have the ability to read? I have no chance to read.
  • 6. 作状语
    • （1）目的：to do sth, in order to do sth
    • （2）结果：He is too young to do it. He is old enough to do it. He arrived at the station, only to find the train had left.
    • （3）原因：I's sorry/excited/surprised to hear that.
  • 7. 特殊结构
    • （1）独立结构： to begin with, to tell you the truth, to be frank...
    • （2）疑问词+不定式： What to do is not decided yet. The problem is what to do. Do you know what to do?
    • （3）省略to的结构：
      • had better do sth/would rather so sth/why not do sth
      • do nothing but do sth只能做某事 do anything but do sth绝不做某事 can't help but do sth忍不住做某事 can't choose but do sth只得做某事
• 动名词
  • 1. 作主语
    • （1）Reading is good.
    • （2）形式主语： It's no use doing sth.
  • 2. 作定语
    • 表用途： a swimming pool, a washing machine
  • 3. 作宾语
    • （1）动宾：enjoy doing sth
    • （2）介宾
  • 4. 作表语(回答what的问题)
    • His favorite sport is swimming.
• 现在分词：主动/进行
  • 1. 作定语
    • （1）相当于形容词：an exciting story
    • （2） 表示正在进行: falling leaves
    • （3）The bridge being built now is near my house.
  • 2. 作表语
    • The story is exciting.
  • 3. 作宾补
    • I heard someone screaming.
  • 4. 作状语
    • （1）时间状语: When crossing the road, you need to be careful.
    • （2）原因状语:
      • Writing hurriedly, she didn't notice the spelling errors.
      • Having finished the homework, I went out to play.
      • Having been told the risk, she knew she needed to be careful.
      • Being stuck in the storm, I felt very helpless.
    • （3）条件状语: Working hard, you will succeed.
    • （4）让步状语: Admitting it is true, we couldn't explain it.
    • （5）方式状语: You give me such a fright hiding behind the door.
    • （6）伴随状语: The teacher came in, following his students.
    • （7）目的状语: go shopping
    • （8）结果状语: He fell off the bike, breaking his legs.
• 过去分词: 被动，完成
  • 1. 作定语
    • （1）：不及物动词表示完成 fallen leaves
    • （2）：及物动词表示被动和完成 a broken cup
    • （3）The bridge built last year is near my house.
  • 2. 作表语
    • I'm excited.
  • 3. 作宾补
    • have sth done
  • 4. 作状语
    • （1）条件状语 Given more attention, he could behave better.
    • （2）时间状语 Seen from the top, the city is so beautiful.
    • （3）原因状语 Encouraged by his teacher, he ws very happy.
    • （4）让步状语 Left alone at home, she didn't feel afraid.
    • （5）方式状语 Followed by his students, the teacher came in.