导图社区 助动词
英语助动词思维导图:包含基本助动词,be→is 现在进行时the rabbit is eating a carrot兔子正在吃一根胡萝卜,be→was 被动语态,the carrot was eaten by the rabbit胡萝卜被兔子吃了等等
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助动词
什么是助动词
基本助动词
be
the rabbit is eating a carrot
be→is 现在进行时
兔子正在吃一根胡萝卜
the carrot was eaten by the rabbit
be→was 被动语态
胡萝卜被兔子吃了
do
the rabbit does like coins!
do→does 强调
兔子真的喜欢硬币!
have
the rabbit has eaten a carrot
have→has 现在完成时
兔子吃掉了跟胡萝卜
情态助动词
can/chould
有能力做../会...;可以...
i can kill a wolf
我能杀死一只狼
i could kill a wolf last year
我去年能够杀死一只狼
表请求或许可
can/could i borrow your book? –yes,of course
这里的could没有时间上的含义,表示更礼貌委婉
表可能性
anything can happen
什么事儿都有可能发生
anything could happen
什么事都有可能发生
(表示对过去的推测/表现在的可能性)可能性比can更小一点
the rabbit could have gone (对过去的虚拟表达)home earlier,but he didn't finish work on time
兔子本可以早回家的,但是他没有按时完成工作
may/might
may/might i borrow your book? yes,of course
我能借用你的书吗? 当然可以
mjght比may更礼貌
may/might<can/could
the rabbit isn't here.he may be at home.
兔子不在这,他可能在家。(不确定)
the rabbit isn't at home.he might be at home.
兔子不在这,他可能在家。(非常不确定)
补充:might比may的可能性更小
表祝愿(通常在句首)
may you succeed!
祝你成功
wil/would
构成将来时
the rabbit will eat a carrot人(现在将来时)
兔子将吃一根胡萝卜
the rabbit would eat a carrot.(过去将来时)(也可以表示兔子可能吃胡萝卜)
兔子在过去某一时间将吃一根胡萝卜
表请求,建议
will you lend me that book?
你愿意借给我那本书吗?
would you please lend me that book?
请你借给我那本书好吗?(更委婉的表达礼貌,和时间无关)
表推测,假设
ask him.he will/would know.
问他吧,他可能知道
would可能性比will小
shall/should
shall
i shall be there at 9am
我早上九点会在那里
征求意见
shall we meet at 9am?
我们早上9点见面如何
表警告,命令...
you shall not pass!
你不许通过!
should
表应当
we should treat the rabbit well
我们应该对兔子好点
表有一定根据的推测
it should Rain tomorrow(表可能性较大)
明天应该会下雨
表“竟然”
it's surprising that he should be late
真的很奇怪,他竟然会迟到
构成虚拟语气(一般出现条件状语从句中)
if it should Rain tomorrow,i wouldn't go.
如果明天万一下雨,我就不去了
you should have eaten the carrot.
你应该吃掉那根胡萝卜
must
表必须
you must finish your homework first!
你必须先做完作业
表禁止
you must not smoke here
禁止你在此吸烟
补充:mustn't只有禁止的含义
表推测
the light is on.the rabbit must be at home
灯亮着,兔子一定在家
the light isn't on.the rabbit can't be at home.
灯不亮,兔子不可能在家
ought to
表应该,语气跟强一些
we ought to treat the rabbit well
我们应该对兔子好些
dare/dared
做实义动词 敢;挑战;冒险
做情态动词 敢
the rabbit dare not tell the truth to the wolf
兔子不敢对狼说出真相
how dare you!
你好大的胆子
need
做实义动词 表需要
i need your coins
做情态动词 需要;有必要
the rabbit need(情态动词) wait
兔子需要等待(一般情况下,不管前面单数复数都不加s)
the rabbit needs(谓语动词) to wait(动词不定式).
兔子需要等待(做谓语动词加to)
the rabbit need(情态动词) not wait.
兔子不必等待
the rabbit does not need(实义动词) to wait
used to
表示过去的动作 强调和现在的对比
the rabbit used to eat apples.now he only eats carrots.
兔子过去(习惯)吃苹果,现在他只吃胡萝卜
补充
use(使用)
could i use your phone
我能用你的电话吗?
be used to(习惯于...)
i am used to getting up early.
我习惯于早起
半助动词
be able to
表达将来的能力
i'll be able to reach school on time if i leave right now
如果我现在就离开就能按时到达学校
was/were able to
在表示过去的能力时,往往表示成功做成...
i was able to reach school on time because i left home early
因为我离家很早所以按时到达学校
be going to
很快/计划做某事
i'm going to eat dinner at 6pm today
我会在六点吃完饭
be about to
马上做某事
But that could be about to change.
然而情况将会有所改变
be to
被命令做某事
you are to finish home work first
命中注定
i think they're to fall in love with each other.
我想他们注定会相爱
had better
最好做...
You had better follow my orders
你最好听我的命令
had better='d better
...