导图社区 Non-finitive Verbs
有关非限定性动词的分类与用法知识整理,包括:infinitive、-ing participle、-ed participle三种。
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topic
Non-finitive Verbs
infinitive
Grammatical forms
to write(一般形式)
to be writing(进行体形式)
to have written(完成体形式)
to have been written(完成进行体形式)
negative infinitive
在不定式符号前+not\never等否定词
We decided not to buy that house
She wished never to see him again.
不定式被动态
to be +-ed分词
to have been+-ed分词
to- infinitive
bare infinitive
情态助动词之后
need\dare 做形态动词不加to,做主动词加to
半助动词之后
情态成语之后
would rather\would sooner\would (just)as soon\cannot but …
rather than\sooner than 后
主动词+主动词 固定搭配后
make believe, make do (with\on),let drop\let fall…
使役动词+宾语之后
let,make,have
感觉动词+宾语之后
see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch
have known+宾语之后
help 之后
except、but 之后
Why…\Why not…?之后
-ing participle
present participle
gerund
verb+-ing form
admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, can't resist, can't stand, consider,
verb+objective+prep.+-ing form
verb+objective+into+-ing form
verb+objective+from+-ing form
带不定式和-ing分词意义无区别动词
attempt, begin, can't bear, continue, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like,
带不定式和-ing分词意义区别动词
remember and forget
-ing 发生在记得、忘记之前
-ed 发生在记得、忘记之后
stop,go on
通常用-ing做结构宾语
用不定式便是目的状语=in order to
try,mean,can't help后用-ing还是不定式取决于动词本身的含义
Your plan would mean spending hours.
I didn't mean to make you angry.
If you want to improve the taste, try adding some sugar.
Philip tried to answer each question by himself.
-ed participle
及物动词的-ed做前置修饰语(被动和完成意义)
不及物动词的-ed作后置修饰语(仅表示完成意义不表示被动意义)
-ed分词做补语(大多来自及物动词)
subject\objctive complement
The door remains locked
He was trying hard to make himself understood.
能带-ed 分词做宾补的动词
表示心理状态和感觉的动词:feel,see,hear,find…
表示“致使”意义的动词:make,get,have,keep…
表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词:like,want,wish,order…
依着法则与垂悬分词
依着法则
Entering the room, I found nobody in it.
Painted white, the house looks better.
垂悬分词
Entering the room, nobody was found in it.
Painted white, we like the house better.
当-ing分词或-ed分词结构在句中起关系分句或状语分句作用时,它们都有逻辑主语,有时就是主句的主语。依着法则即逻辑主语一致原则,垂悬分词即逻辑主语不一致
When a verb is not used as a predicate, its form is not necessarily confined or governed by the subject, the verb then could be called as a non-finite verb, also the non-finite form of the verb