Non-finitive Verbs

有关非限定性动词的分类与用法知识整理，包括：infinitive、-ing participle、-ed participle三种。

Non-finitive Verbs

• infinitive
  • Grammatical forms
    • to write(一般形式）
    • to be writing(进行体形式）
    • to have written(完成体形式）
    • to have been written(完成进行体形式）
  • negative infinitive
    • 在不定式符号前+not\never等否定词
      • We decided not to buy that house
      • She wished never to see him again.
  • 不定式被动态
    • to be +-ed分词
    • to have been+-ed分词
  • to- infinitive
  • bare infinitive
    • 情态助动词之后
      • need\dare 做形态动词不加to,做主动词加to
    • 半助动词之后
    • 情态成语之后
      • would rather\would sooner\would (just)as soon\cannot but …
    • rather than\sooner than 后
    • 主动词+主动词 固定搭配后
      • make believe, make do (with\on),let drop\let fall…
    • 使役动词+宾语之后
      • let，make,have
    • 感觉动词+宾语之后
      • see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch
    • have known+宾语之后
    • help 之后
    • except、but 之后
    • Why…\Why not…?之后
• -ing participle
  • present participle
  • gerund
  • verb+-ing form
    • admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, can't resist, can't stand, consider,
  • verb+objective+prep.+-ing form
    • verb+objective+into+-ing form
    • verb+objective+from+-ing form
  • 带不定式和-ing分词意义无区别动词
    • attempt, begin, can't bear, continue, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like,
  • 带不定式和-ing分词意义区别动词
    • remember and forget
      • -ing 发生在记得、忘记之前
      • -ed 发生在记得、忘记之后
    • stop,go on
      • 通常用-ing做结构宾语
      • 用不定式便是目的状语=in order to
    • try,mean,can't help后用-ing还是不定式取决于动词本身的含义
      • Your plan would mean spending hours.
      • I didn't mean to make you angry.
      • If you want to improve the taste, try adding some sugar.
      • Philip tried to answer each question by himself.
• -ed participle
  • 及物动词的-ed做前置修饰语（被动和完成意义）
  • 不及物动词的-ed作后置修饰语（仅表示完成意义不表示被动意义）
  • -ed分词做补语（大多来自及物动词）
    • subject\objctive complement
      • The door remains locked
      • He was trying hard to make himself understood.
    • 能带-ed 分词做宾补的动词
      • 表示心理状态和感觉的动词：feel,see,hear,find…
      • 表示“致使”意义的动词：make,get,have,keep…
      • 表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词：like,want,wish,order…
  • 依着法则与垂悬分词
    • 依着法则
      • Entering the room, I found nobody in it.
      • Painted white, the house looks better.
    • 垂悬分词
      • Entering the room, nobody was found in it.
      • Painted white, we like the house better.
• 当-ing分词或-ed分词结构在句中起关系分句或状语分句作用时，它们都有逻辑主语，有时就是主句的主语。依着法则即逻辑主语一致原则，垂悬分词即逻辑主语不一致
• When a verb is not used as a predicate, its form is not necessarily confined or governed by the subject, the verb then could be called as a non-finite verb, also the non-finite form of the verb