钢的种类

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Kinds of Steel

• Carbon steel（only iron and carbon）
  • Carbon steels are the most common steels used in industry. The properties of these steels depend only on the percentage of carbon they contain.
  • Low carbon steel（machine steel）containing from 0.05 to 0.15 percent carbon
    • Low carbon steels are very soft and can be used for bolts and for machine parts that do not need strength.
  • Medium carbon steelcontaining from 0.15 to 0.60 percent carbon
    • Medium carbon steels are a better grade and stronger than low carbon steels. It is also more difficult to cut than low carbon steels.
  • High carbon steel（tool steel）containing from 0.60 to 1.50 percent carbon
    • The high carbon steels may be used for tools and working parts of machines because of its high strength and hardness this grade of steel .
• Alloy steel（some “alloying elements”）
  • Some special alloy steels should be used for such parts because the alloying elements make them tougher, stronger, or harder than carbon steels.
  • Special alloy steel
    • Some alloying elements cause steel to resist corrosion, and such steels are called stainless steels.
    • Heat-resistant steel is made by adding some tungsten and molybdenum, while manganese increases the wear resistance of steel.
    • Vanadium steels resist corrosion and can stand shocks and vibration.
  • High-speed steel(self-hardening steel)
    • Tools made of high-speed steel containing tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and carbon, may do the work at much higher speeds than carbon tool steels.