学术英语

这是一篇关于学术英语的思维导图。包含the title;abstract;introduction;method。

Academic English

• The title
  • Declarative title
  • Noun phrase title
  • Question sentence title
• Abstract
  • 信息型：Not more than 10% of full text
  • 描述型：About 200 words
  • Include
    • purpose
    • method
    • results
    • conclusion
  • Medical journal abstracts should be more rigorous and formatted
• Introduction
  • purpose
    • Provide background information and the need to conduct research
  • Include
    • the background nature and scope of the issue being studied
    • clear definitions of key terms involved in the study
    • theoretical foundations for the study
    • objectives of the present study
    • significance and necessity of the study
    • a brief literature review and comment on the previousstudies
    • outline of the paper
  • compose
    • field of study
    • Previous research
    • Inadequacies and limitations of previous research
• Method
  • constitute
    • Design in Research
    • Paragraph on sampling of experimental samples
    • Paragraphs on materials required
    • The paragraph on the experimental process
    • Paragraphs about the experimental data obtained
  • steps
    • The experiment purpose
    • State assumptions and models for the methods used in the experiment
    • Explain basic methods and theories
    • To clarify the model used
• Results
  • compose
    • The overall process of this experiment is described in detail
    • Present the data for this experiment
  • General description
    • type
      • Multiple results
        • A result is given first, and after the previous result is explained, the next result is given, and so on
      • Few results (1-2)
        • Only for new findings in this experiment, the conclusions are left in the discussion section
    • sentence pattern
      • The result is a declarative sentence pattern, which is simple and clear
      • Use the passive voice and past tense more
  • Data presentation
    • Line chart
      • Clearly manifest data gaps
    • Pie chart
      • Clearly show the proportion
    • bar chart
      • Clearly how much the performance is
    • ...
• Discussion
  • objective
    • Explain the facts from the experiment and their relationship
    • Combined with the experimental data, the conclusions and significance are further explained
  • steps
    • Review and summarize key outcomes
    • List potential limitations
    • Whether the comparison results are consistent with the previous judgment
    • Research results and make new research direction
• noun phrase
  • interpretation
    • Is the most important structure in academic articles, because accounts for two-thirds of most
  • constitute
    • Based on a noun structure, called the head noun
  • structure
    • single noun with or without a determiner
    • determiner + adjective/noun + headnoun
    • determiner + noun + prepositional phrase
    • a pronoun is also a noun phrase
    • noun phrase contaning relative clauses
  • function
    • Can use to help understand the noun phrases
• Citation
  • Summary
    • language
      • clear brief different word，but same technical words
    • content
      • only main idea
    • length
      • shorter
  • paraphrase
    • language
      • clear accurate different word，but same technical words
    • content
      • all ideas and information
    • length
      • same length
  • Pay attention to reporting verbs
    • statment focus
    • author focus
  • quotation
    • language
      • identical
    • content
      • identical
    • length
      • identical