第八课下What PeopleDon'tKnow about A

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What People Don't Know about Air 关于空气、天空、大气层人们还不大了解的一些现象

• 课文
  • The air around us is important to everyone. Without air, we could not exist. Everyone understands that. But air is necessary in many other ways - ways that are not always so obvious or widely known.
    • 我们周围的空气对每个人都是重要的。倘若没有空气，我们也就不能存在了。这是每个人都懂的。在其他情况下，也都必须有空气，这些其他情况并不都是显示而易见或广为人知的。
  • For example, if we did not have air, there would be no sound. Sound travels through air.Where there is no air, there is no sound. Without air, there would be no fire. There would be no cars or trucks,since motors need air in order to work.
    • 举个例子，如果我们现在没有空气，就不会有声音。声音是通过空气来传播的。凡是没有空气的地方，就没有声音。倘若没有空气，也不会有火，也不会有小汽车和大卡车，因为这些机动车要运转就需要空气。
  • Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. There would be no weather, as we know it.The night time would be very cold and the days very hot. We would be forced to seek shelter from the sun, as there would be no atmosphere to protect us from the sun's deadly rays.
    • 倘若没有空气，就不会有风或云，也不会有天气变化，这是众所周知的。倘若没有空气，夜间就会很冷，白天又会很热。因为若是没有了大气层来保护我们，我们就会不得不去找一个藏身的地方，来躲避好些致人死命的太阳光线。
  • The atmosphere is all the air surrounding the earth. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of all that air against the surface of the earth. If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we could not have automobile tires. The tires would burst if they did not have the pressure of the atmosphere against their surfaces.
    • 大气层就是包围了地球的所有空气。大气压就是压在地球表面上的所有的空气的重量。假如我们没有大气压，我们就不能有汽车轮胎了。如果我们现在没有了大气压来顶住或压住那些汽车轮胎的表面，那么那些轮胎就会爆裂了。
  • Large and powerful, the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles high. It presses down on our bodies with a force of more than fourteen pounds per square inch. The narrow column of air which rests upon our shoulders weighs almost 2,000 pounds. But our bodies are built in such a way that this weight does not crush us.
    • 大气层占据极大的空间，具有极强的压力，它由高达数百英里的厚厚的一层空气所组成的。大气压压到我们身上的重要在每平方英时上达 14 英磅以上。我们的双肩上所承受的细长的空气柱的重要几乎有 2000 英磅重。不过我们的身体构造都是很坚固的，以致大气压的重要是不可能把我们压垮的。
  • In this huge ocean of air there is more energy than in all the coal, oil, and gas we have on earth. Electrical energy is collected in the atmosphere as water is collected and stored in a dam.The existence of electricity in the air has been known for centuries. Men have gazed in wonder at the bright patterns of lightning in storm clouds. But a through study of electricity in the atmosphere was not possible until the development of radio and radar.
    • 在这巨大的广阔无垠的空气层中存在着的电能，比在地球上的煤、石油、天然气加起来所能产生的电能还要多。电能被集存在大气层中，正像水被汇集到一起，然后储存在水库里是一样的。在大气层中电是存在的，这一事实多少世纪以前人们就已经知道了。人们以惊奇而又不解的眼神凝视着暴风雨云中闪现出来的耀眼的闪电的种种形态。但是彻底地研究和仔细观察大气层中的带电现象，只有在研制出了无线电和雷达之后才有可能。
  • One scientist, Dr. Sydney Chapman, has tried to explain the electric field which surrounds the earth. He believes that the great storms on the sun create large amounts of electric energy. This energy is contained in a very light gas called hydrogen. The earth pulls the gas toward it, and a ring is formed around the earth several thousand feet above its surface. The great space ring is a powerful current of electrical energy. Sometimes the ring comes down and curves into the lower atmosphere, causing strange electrical effects.
    • 有位科学家，悉得尼 o 查普曼博士，试图解释包围了地球的电磁场。他认为太阳上的巨大的磁暴产生了大量的电能。这种电能里有一种很轻的气体，称为"氢"。地球把这种气体吸引到地球的周围，于是地球表面的上空中就形成一个把地球包围起来起来的几千英尺厚的由氢所形成的园形外壳。这个巨大的外壳里就有着强大电流的电能。有时这个园形的氢外壳会下降会弯进了较低的大气层里，这就引起了一些奇异的电效应。
  • Dr. Chapman's ideas explain many things. It has long been known that there is an electric field inside the earth. It moves in much the same manner as the electric energy contained in the atmosphere. Scientists now believe that the electric energy in the atmosphere causes the electric energy inside the earth to flow.
    • 查普曼博士的理论解释了很多现象。地球内部有一个磁场，这是人们早就知道的。地球内部的电磁场的流动方式正像大气层中的电能的流动方式是一样的。现在科学家们认为大气层中的电能引起了地球内部的电能流动。
  • If we can learn to control the energy in the atmosphere, we will have an unending supply of energy. Many scientists are trying to learn how to control it. In the meantime, even those of us who are not scientists have begun to pay attention to air. We realize that air does not contain the same elements that it contained years ago. Automobiles, airplanes, factories, and atomic explosions have added dust and waste gases to the atmosphere. It is time to learn how to protect our atmosphere, the roof over the world of man.
    • 如果我们将来能够学会控制大气层中的能源，那我们将来就会有取之不尽用之不竭的能源了。许多科学家正在试图学会控制大气层的能源。与此同时，甚至像我们这些根本就不是科学家的人，也已经开始注意到空气、天空、大气层了。我们意识到了空气中所含的成分跟若干年以前不一样了。各种类型的汽车，形形色色的飞机，大大小小的工厂，一次一次的原子弹爆炸，都把烟尘和种种废气排到大气层中。该是我们人类学会保护大气层，也就是学会保护我们人类世界的大层顶棚的时候了。
• New words
  • 当然
    • obviate
      • [ˈɒbvieɪt]
        • vt. 避免，消除（贫困、不方便等）;
      • ob-,相对，对着的，-via,路，词源同way,trivia.即对着路，挡路，引申词义消除，排除。
        • via(vi),vey,voy,way = way,road （道路）拉丁语的via 意为 vay,road。via 里的"a" 脱落后变成vi。词根vey,voy来源于法语意为 to carry,way。需要注意的是，purvey/survey,clairvoyant/voyeur等单词里的vey/voy意为to look。
        • vid ,vis = to look,to see ,vid来自拉丁语的videre，videre过去分词是visus,vis是它的动名词词干，它们的变形为vic,view,voy,vey/vei,vy/vi,ud等。
    • obvious
      • [ˈɒbviəs]
        • adj. 明显的; 当然的; 平淡无奇的; 不必要的;
      • ob-在…上面 + -vi-路 + -ous形容词词尾 → 摆在路上,都能看见 来自obviate,对着路，挡路，
    • obviously
      • [ˈɒbviəsli]
        • adv. 明显地﹐显而易见地;
  • 庇护
    • shield
      • [ʃiːld]
        • n. 盾; 护罩; 盾形奖牌; 保护人;
        • vt. 保护; 掩护; 庇护; 给…加防护罩;
      • PIE*kel,分开，词源同 scale,shell.原指简易的木头板，引申词义盾。
    • shelter
      • [ˈʃeltə(r)]
        • n. 遮蔽（物），庇护（处）; 居所; 收容所;
        • v. 遮蔽; 躲避，避难; 庇护;
      • shelter from sth
      • 可能改写自 sheld,盾，来自 shield 的旧拼写形式，-er,表物。引申词义保护，遮蔽，庇护等。
  • 大气层
    • atmosphere
      • [ˈætməsfɪə(r)]
        • n. 大气层; 空气; 氛围，环境; 魅力;
      • atmos（蒸 汽）+sphere（球体）构成，字面意思就是“蒸汽球”
    • atmospheric
      • [ˌætməsˈferɪk]
        • adj. 大气的; 令人激动的; 有魅力的;
      • atmospher(e) +‎ -ic
  • 电
    • electric
      • [ɪˈlektrɪk]
        • adj. 用电的; 电的; 通电的; 扣人心弦的; 电动的;
      • -electr-电 + -ic
        • 在希腊语琥珀elektor-->拉丁语elektron-->英语electric“像琥珀那样的”
    • electrical
      • [ɪˈlektrɪkl]
        • adj. 用电的; 供电的; 电能的;
    • electricity
      • [ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]
        • n. 电; 强烈的感情;
    • electrician
      • [ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn]
        • n. 电工; 电气技师;
  • 存在
    • exist
      • [ɪɡˈzɪst]
        • v. 存在; 生存;
      • ex-出 + -sist-站立(第一个s省略) → 站出 → 显现出来,词源同extant, assist. 即站出来的，存在的
    • existence
      • [ɪɡˈzɪstəns]
        • n. 存在; 生活（方式）;
  • 光
    • light
      • [laɪt]
        • n. 光; 发光体; 点火物; 眼光; 亮色; 窗;
        • v. 照亮; 点燃; 用光指引;
        • adj. 天色亮的; 光线充足的; 浅色的; 轻便的; 轻的; 轻柔的; 轻松的; 少量的; 愉快的; 不严肃的; 清淡的; 松软的; 低度酒的; 易醒的;
      • 来自PIE*leuk,发光，明亮，词源同lumen,lucid.来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的light,同义词根有来自拉丁语的lumin(lun),luc/lust和来自希腊语的photo。
    • lightening
      • ['laɪtnɪŋ]
        • n. 发光;
        • v. 使（某物）更明亮( lighten的现在分词 ); 变得更光明;
    • lumen
      • [ˈlu:men]
        • n. 流明（光通量单位）; [植物]（管）腔;
      • -lumin-光,照 → lumen
    • lucid
      • [ˈlu:sɪd]
        • adj. 清楚的，明白的; 神志清醒的; 清澈的，透明的; [动，植]光滑的;
  • 终点
    • end
      • [end]
        • n. 最后部分; 结局; 末端; 终点; 残余; 破灭; 方面; 目的; 辞世;
        • v. （使）结束; 以…方式结束; 终止于;
      • 来自PIE*ant, 相反，相对，词源同前缀anti-. 即终端，分开点。
    • ending
      • [ˈendɪŋ]
        • n. （故事等）结尾; 结束; 词尾;
    • unending
      • [ʌnˈendɪŋ]
        • adj. 无止境的，不停的，不断重复的;
  • 原子
    • atom
      • [ˈætəm]
        • n. 原子;
      • 前缀a-, 不，非。词根tom, 切，见anatomy. 因古代哲学观念认为原子是最小的不可切分单位而得名。
        • 词根 tom = to cut 切 来源于希腊语 tomos/tomein
          • tom里的元音o弱化成e,变成了tem。
            • 变体还有tomy-/-tome- / -tomic-
          • -tomy 一般用来表示某种外科手术的名词
          • -tome 表示某种工具；
          • -tomic 属于形容词的构词形式；
          • -tom 则表示某一事物或抽象名词,
          • 同义词根有来源于拉丁语的cis,cop/coup,scind/scis,sect,sever,tail,tons,trench等。
          • 古希腊语中 atomos 代表“不可分”的意思（由于当时的生力发展水平，科技不发达等原因，当时的人们认为原子是最小的粒子，但就现在来说原子还可以再分），后来人们把不可分割的粒子叫原子 (atom)，
    • atomic
      • [əˈtɒmɪk]
        • adj. 原子的; 原子能的;
  • 爆炸
    • explode
      • [ɪkˈspləʊd]
        • v. 使爆炸; （感情）爆发; 激增; 推翻（理论）; 突发巨响;
      • ex-, 向外。-plod, 拍掌声，爆炸声，词源同implode.
        • 前缀ex-,e-,ef-,ec-它来源于拉丁介词ex,意为out或out of，即表示“向外”、“分离”的倾向。
          • ex-用在元音字母和c,h,p,q,s,t前面；ef-只出现在f之前；e-则可以出现在b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v等之前
          • ex-又可以作为派生前缀，与表示身份或职业的名词相结合，表示former （以前的，前任的）的意思。
    • explosion
      • [ɪkˈspləʊʒn]
        • n. 爆炸（声）; 激增; （感情，尤指愤怒的）突然爆发;
    • explosive
      • [ɪkˈspləʊsɪv]
        • n. 炸药，爆炸物;
        • adj. （易）爆炸的; 爆发（性）的; 突增的; 暴躁的;
    • burst
      • [bɜːst]
        • v. （使）爆裂，爆炸; 冲，闯; 突然出现; 充满;
        • n. 爆裂，爆炸; 裂口; 情感爆发;
      • 词源同break, 破开。
• Grammar point
  • Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气
    • 在宾语从句中的用法：
      • 在 suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command 等含有希望、建议、命令等语气的宾语从句中。（*）
        • 句型：主语 + should(省略) + 动词原形
          • I suggest that we (should) do it at once.
          • I insist that he (should) give up smoking.
      • 在 wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而其时态的用法与非真实条件句一样。（时态后移）
        • I wish I were you.(与现在事实相反的愿望)
        • I wish I had learned more. (与过去事实相反的愿望)
        • I wish I would have another chance. (与将来事实相反的愿望)
        • 注意区分：wish + 从句：表示不可能实现的愿望，必须用虚拟语气；而 hope + 从句：表示可能实现的愿望，不用虚拟语气。
          • He hopes we’ll go there with him.
          • He wishes we would go there with him.
      • 在 would rather 后的从句中. 句型：主语 + would rather + 从句（用一般过去时）
        • I would rather you stayed at home.
          • 我宁可要你现在待在家中。
        • I would rather you had stayed at home last night
          • 我倒 宁愿 你 昨天 晚上 呆 在 家里。
    • 在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。
      • 当宾语从句中那些使用虚拟语气的动词的名词形式出现在表语从句和同位语从句中时，必须用虚拟语气。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.
        • My suggestion is that we (should) try again.(表语从句)
        • My suggestion that we (should) try again is accepted by them.（同位语从句）
    • 在定语从句中的用法。
      • It is time + that + 主语 + 动词的过去时。
        • It is time that you left.
          • = It is tome for you to leave.
    • 在含蓄条件句中的用法。
      • 有时一个假设的情况并不是用条件从句表示，而用其它方式表示，称含蓄条件句。
        • 用 with, without 介词结构代替条件从句。
          • We might have died you without your help.= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
        • 用相当于 if 的其它连词表示虚拟结构。常见的连词有：otherwise, in that case, on conditionthat, provided that, but for, etc.
          • I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
            • = I as very busy last week. If I hadn’t been busy, I would have come to see you.
          • But for the storm, we should have arrived early.
            • = If we hadn’t met the storm, we should have arrived early.
    • 在错综时间条件句中的用法。
      • 有时非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件句中的谓语动词不是同时发生，这时可按照需要来调整各自的时间。
        • If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have be all right now.
          • 主句与从句发生的时间不同，进行调整。
        • If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.
          • 主句和从句的动作同时发生。
      • 请注意：碰到这种从句要特别注意它的时间状语，必须明确给出时间，否则按同时发生使用。
    • 虚拟语气的倒装与省略。
      • 符合下列条件，可以省略 if,并进行倒装。
        • 必须是非真实条件句。
        • 只有当从句中出现 were, had, should 时，才可省略 if，并把这些词放在主语之前。
          • If I should meet her, I would tell her.
            • = Should I meet her, I would tell her.
          • If I were in your position, I would do it better.
            • = Were I in your position, I would do it better.
    • 看看本文中出现的虚拟语气句：
      • Without air, we could not exist.
      • If we didn’t have air, there would be no sound.
      • Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
• 同根词：
  • exist→existence
  • atmosphere→atmospheric
  • pressure→press
  • weigh→weight
  • electric→electrical,electricity
• 短语表达
  • without
    • We couldn't have finished the work so soon without your help.
    • Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
  • adv. + past participle过去分词
    • It is widely known that the earth goes around the sun.
    • It is generally believed that the earth is getting hotter.
  • where
    • Where there is a will, there is a way.
      • 世上无难事，只要肯登攀
      • 有志者事竟成。
    • Where there is hope, there is life.
      • 有希望就有生命。
  • be forced to
    • He was forced to drop out of school.
      • 他被迫辍学。
    • They were forced to work 14 hours a day.
      • 他们被迫每天工作14个小时。
  • shelter v.& n.
    • Mother tried to shelter her from the blow of the tragic news.
      • 母亲设法使她不受那悲惨消息的打击。
    • You have to find shelter from the blazing sun.
      • 你必须找到遮蔽烈日的地方。
  • protect from
    • It is necessary that we protect our skin from being burned by the sun.
      • 我们有必要保护我们的皮肤不被太阳晒伤。
    • She had his umbrella to protect her from the sun.
      • 她拿着他的伞来防晒。
  • deadly adj.
    • They made a deadly attack on the enemy's air base.
      • 他们对敌人的空军基地进行了致命的攻击。
    • A drop of this poison might be deadly to man.
      • 一滴这种毒药对人可能是致命的。
    • deadly
      • [ˈdedli]
        • adj. 致死的; 阴险毒辣的; (贬)极其; 破坏性的; 枯燥的; 极难防御的;
    • dead
      • [ded]
        • adj. 死的; 死气沉沉的; 用尽的; 没电的; 完全的; 已停滞的;
        • adv. 完全地; 非常; 正好;
        • n. 死（者）;
  • burst
    • As he braked a tire burst.
      • 他刹车时，一只轮胎爆了。
    • All the boys burst from their tents.
      • 所有的男孩都从帐篷里冲了出来。
    • Everybody in the room burst out laughing.
      • 房间里的每个人都突然大笑起来。
    • The little girl burst into tears.
      • 这时小姑娘放声大哭起来。
  • rest upon
    • 依赖于，取决于；信任；停留在…上
    • 落在……
      • His eyes rested upon a strange object.
        • 他的目光落在一个奇怪的物体上。
      • The task rested upon my shoulder.
        • 这项任务落在我的肩上。
      • His arm rested upon the table.
        • 他的胳膊搁在桌子上。
  • gaze at 盯住；凝视
    • He was standing at the window, gazing at the street.
    • What are you gazing at?
  • not…until
    • He didn't go out to play until he finished his homework.
    • No one was to go to bed until further order.
      • 在没有进一步命令之前，谁也不许睡觉。
  • in the meantime 在此期间；于此际；与此同时
    • His case won't come to court for several months, and in the meantime more than half of the people think him guilty.
      • 他的案子几个月后才会开庭，在此期间，超过一半的人认为他有罪。
    • At last we were released. In the meantime, our friend had informed the newspaper.
      • 最后我们被释放了。与此同时，我们的朋友已经通知了报纸。
  • pay attention to
    • Please pay more attention to your spelling next time.
    • I didn't pay much attention to what he said yesterday.
  • add to
    • If you praise others more often, you can add great happiness to their life.
      • 如果你多赞美别人，你就能给他们的生活增添极大的快乐。
    • What he said just now added to my confusion.
      • 他刚才说的话使我更加困惑了。

前缀ex-,e-,ef-,ec-

• 它来源于拉丁介词ex,意为out或out of，即表示“向外”、“分离”的倾向。
  • ex-用在元音字母和c,h,p,q,s,t前面；ef-只出现在f之前；e-则可以出现在b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v等之前
  • ex-又可以作为派生前缀，与表示身份或职业的名词相结合，表示former （以前的，前任的）的意思。
• out
  • 在外边，向外
    • expressly, elucidate, expedite
    • express
      • [ɪkˈspres]
        • v. 表达，表示; 不言自明; 挤出; 快递;
        • adj. 明确的; 特快的; 用快递寄送的;
        • adv. 用快递寄出某物;
        • n. 特快列车; 长途汽车; 快递服务;
      • ex-, 向外。press, 压，推。即推出，表达。
    • expressly
      • [ɪkˈspresli]
        • adv. 明显地; 明确地; 特别地; 特意地;
    • elucidate
      • [iˈluːsɪdeɪt]
        • vt. 阐明，解释;
      • e-, 向外。-lucid, 照明，词源同light, lucid.
    • expedite
      • [ˈekspədaɪt]
        • vt. 加快进展; 迅速完成;
      • ex-, 向外。-ped, 脚，脚镣，词源同foot, impede. 即解脱脚镣的束缚，加快速度，或来自比喻义，解脱脚的束缚，飞起来。
  • 向上，伸展地
    • elated, extol, elongate
    • elate
      • [ɪ'leɪt]
        • vt. 使高兴，使得意;
    • elated
      • [ɪˈleɪtɪd]
        • adj.兴高采烈的；得意洋洋的
        • v.使兴奋（elate 的过去式和过去分词）
      • e-, 向外。-lat, 承受，兴起，词源同translate, relation. 原指提升的，晋升的，引申义兴奋的。
    • extol
      • [ɪkˈstəʊl]
        • vt. 高度赞扬，赞美; 颂扬，赞颂; 吹捧;
      • ex-, 向外。-tol, 承受，举起，词源同tolerate.
    • elongate
      • [ˈi:lɒŋgeɪt]
        • vt. 延长，加长;
      • e-, 向外。long, 长。
  • 尽，没有了地，火灭了地
    • extinct, effete
    • extinct
      • [ɪkˈstɪŋkt]
        • adj. 灭绝的; 废除了的; （火山）死的;
      • ex-, 向外。-stinct, 刺，词源同instinct, stick. 即拔刺，拔出，比喻义连根拔起，灭绝。
    • effete
      • [ɪˈfi:t]
        • adj. 虚弱无力的; 衰落的; 柔弱的; 女人气的;
      • ef-, 向外。-fet, 婴儿，词源同fetus, female. 原义为刚生完孩子的，引申义虚弱的，软弱的。
  • 挑选，捏出，拔出
    • emend, effigy
    • emend
      • [iˈmend]
        • vt. 校订，修改;
      • e-, 向外。-mend, 错误，瑕疵，词源同amend, mendacious.
    • effigy
      • [ˈefɪdʒi]
        • n. （人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像;
      • ef-, 向外。-fig, 形成，形象，词源同figure, fiction. 引申义雕像，小雕像。
  • 去除，摆脱，使分离
    • expurgate, exorbitant, extenuate
  • 彻底地，完全地，到最终，到最后，大声地，听得见地
    • extant, edict
  • 表强调[非常，用力]
    • exalt, efficacious, exhort
  • 前缀ex-还会出现辅音字母同化和辅音字母脱落等变形现象。
    • E(在辅音字母b，d，g．j．I，m,n，r，v之前]
      • ebullition, editorial, egregious, ejection, eligible, emanate, enervate, eradicate,evacuation
    • EF(在辅音字母f之前]
      • efficiency, effeminate
    • EC(在辅音字母c，l，s，t，z之前]
      • eccentric, eclectic, ecstasy, appendectomy, eczema
    • ES(在辅音字母c之前]
      • escort, escapism
    • EX(ex之后的辅音字母s脱落]
      • ex( s)piration, ex(s)tirpate, ex(s)istence
• 同义前缀out-,extra-,exter,extro
  • emit [(e<ox (=out) +mit (=send)向外寄送]
    • vt. give off．send or send out; signal; issue paper money．etc. 散发光、热、声音、味道等，发出，发射；发出信号；发行纸币等
  • emission 发射；纸币发行 emissary 使者，密使
  • Smoke detectors emit a waming sound when the battery is low.
  • 当电池电量低时，烟雾报警器会发出警告声。
  • enumerate [(e<ex( =out) +numer( =number)彻底地数、列举）]
    • vt. count a list of articles naming them one by one 逐一清点，列举
      • The teacher enumerated the pupil's mistakes before punishing him
        • That song evokes pleasant high school memories for me.
          • 那首歌唤起了我中学时的美好回忆。
        • Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by assassinations.
          • 副总统偶尔会因暗杀事件而突然晋升为总统。
            • 那家网站是为支持那些近来失去丈夫的女性们特别创建的。
            • 每年都有数百种昆虫灭绝。
  • enumeration 逐一清点，列举；细目，目录，一览表
  • 老师在惩罚那个学生之前先逐一列举了他所犯的错。
  • evoke [(e<ex( =out, up) +vok/voc (=call)向外、向上叫）]
    • vt. call forth or summon a spirit, etc; draw forth or elicit a particular mental image reaction, etc. 招出灵魂等；引起，唤起 evocation 唤出，唤起
  • evocative 唤出的，唤起的
  • exalt [(ex( =out, intensive) +alt( =high)使上得非常高]
    • vt. make higher in status, power, dignity, honor, wealth, etc., praise highly; lift
  • someone up 提高或提升地位、权力、品位、名誉、财膏等；赞扬；使喜悦，使得意洋洋 exaltation 提高，晋升；赞扬；得意洋洋 exalted 有品位的，高贵的
  • expend [(ex( =out) +pend( =pay，weigh)支付以使某物完尽、没有了]
    • vt. sth+on+sth spend; use up 使用，消费；消耗，用光 expenditure 支出，经费
      • expense费用，支出；牺牲 expensive 昂贵的 expendable可花费的
        • About 28% of the library's annual budget is expended on new acquisitions.
        • The web site was oxpreuly created to support recently widowed women.
        • extinction 消灭，绝种；（火）熄灭，废止 extinguisher 灭火器 extinguish 熄灭（火）,使消灭
        • Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year.
  • 那家图书馆年预算中的28%左右都用来购置新书。
  • expressly [(ex (=out) +press (=press)下压挤出外边]
    • adv．definitely, plainly; specially,on purpose 明白地，清楚地；特别地，故意地
  • express 表达，表示；快递；明白的，明示的；快递的，快速的；快车，快件；捷运公司 expression 表达；措辞；表情 expressionism 表现主义 expressive 表现的，显示的 expressionless 无表情的，无表达的
  • extinc [(ex( =out) +tinct<stinct(=prick)用针剌使变没有了]
    • adj. no longer in existence, having died out;no longer buming, no longer active不再存在的；消亡了的，绝种的（灭绝的）；（火）熄灭的，不再活跃的
  • extort [(ex( =out) +tort( =twist)扭曲使出来]
    • vt. sth+from+sb obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc; exact;wrest 敲诈钱财等；强求约定、坦白等；强取，抢夺
      • extortion 强求，抢夺，官员的勒索钱财罪 extortionate 价格过于昂贵的，要求过高的
        • The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband's debt.
  • 那个黑手党成员从一个老寡妇那里敲诈钱替她丈夫还了债。
  • eject [(e<ex( =out) +ject( =throw)向外扔]
    • vt. compel somebody to leave a place; send out liquid, etc. 撵出，驱逐；喷射液体等，排出
      • ejection 撵出，排 ecjector 驱逐者，排出器
        • After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is electod from the game.
          • 当软水太妃糖冷却的时候用力拉它可使它变长。
  • 篮球选手犯规五次就要被罚下赛场。
  • elongate [(e<ex( =out) +long( =long)使伸展得长长地]
    • v. make or become long in space 使伸长，拉长，变长 elongation 伸长，延长
      • Pull on soft water taffy to elongate it as it cools.