导图社区 第八课上Telecommunication via Satellit
这是一篇关于第八课上Telecommunication via Satellit的思维导图,cap(cip)还有head 的含义。cap,capit = 头 来源于拉丁语caput,“head”。 与cattle(家畜、牛群)同出一源。在最初的时候,人们的财富资本,是以他家里牛的头数来计算的,即有多少“头”。
编辑于2022-09-08 06:12:26Telecommunication via Satellite 卫生通讯
课文
At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were four powerful means of transmitting and receiving information over long distances: print, photography, telegraph and telephone. By the middle of the century, both radio and television had become established means of transmittingsounds and/or pictures. In 1962, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program to be transmitted via satellite.
在 20 世界初,远距离发出和接收信息的有效手段有四种:印刷、照像、电报和电话。到了本世纪中期,无线电和电视成了传送音响和图像的主要手段。1964 年东京奥运会首次通过卫星传送节目。
In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics via satellite, television signals are first changed into radio waves, which are then sent from a station on earth to an orbiting satellite. The satellite receives the radio waves and sends them back to earth, where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals. Because any from of sound or visual information can be changed into radio waves, satellite are capable of transmitting not only television broadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines.
要通过卫生把诸如奥运会之类的情况传输出去,首先得把电视信号转化成无线电波,然后再把无线电波从地球上的发射台传送到在轨道上与地球同步运行的卫星。这颗卫星收到无线电波以后再把无线电波传回到地球上。地球的另外一个接收台收到无线电波以后再把无线电波还原成电视信号。因为任何一种形式的音响或图像信息都可以转换成无线电波,所以卫星不但能传输电视广告也能传输电话以及书刊杂志之类的印刷材料。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computers, which store information, and television, which displays information, will change every home into an education and entertainment center. In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of information.
卫星可以传输信息,电脑可以储存信息,电视可以显示信息,把这三者结合起来就可以把家家户户都变成教育中心和娱乐中心。从理论上讲,每个人都可以接收到没有任何数量限制的信息。
Another important use of telecommunication satellites was demonstrated in 1974 when the "Teacher in Sky" satellite transmitted educational programs to classes in remote areas of the United States. In 1975, many people in India saw television for the first time as they watched programs about agriculture and health.
在 1974 年,"空中教师"卫星把教学节目传送到了美国边远地区的课堂上,这就展现出来了通讯卫星的又一个重要的用途。1975 年,在印度有很多人初次在电视上观看了有关农业和卫生保健方面的节目。
The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where transportation is difficult. For example, a health worker in an isolated area was able to transmit pictures of a patient's wound to a doctor far away. He was then able to follow the doctor's instructions on how to care for the patient.
卫星展现出另一种用途,即帮助那些生活在交通困难又很闭塞地区的人们。例如:在闭塞地区的一位卫生工作人员可以把一个患者的伤病的图像传送给远方的医生,这个卫生工作人员就可以按着医生的指标来护理伤病员。
The most common use of telecommunication satellites, however, has been for transmitting telephone calls. Most of them travel 40,000 miles to a satellite and then back to earth. Ten years ago, a satellite was capable of receiving and transmitting more than 33,000 telephone conversations simultaneously. Now a single satellite is able to transmit over 100,000 conversations as well as several hundred television channels - all at the same time.
然而,通讯卫星最普遍的是用来传送电话。绝大部分电话要发射给四万英里远的高空卫星然后再传回到地球。10 年前,一颗卫星只能在同一时间内接收到并传送出三万三千次电话上的谈话。现在仅仅一颗卫星在同一时间内不但可以传送十万次电话还可以同时传送十来个电视频道的节目。
Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily, but some people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy. If personal information is stored in computers, then it may be easily transmitted via satellite to anyone who can pay for the service.
远程通讯可以使来自世界各地的信息方便快捷地供人们使用。但是,这也使有些人担心会使我们的个人隐私权受到威胁。如果我们把个人的一切信息资料都储存到电脑里,那么任何一个人,只要支付了一定费用,就很容易地通过卫星把我们的个人信息资料传送给那个人。
Another worry is that telecommunication systems may isolate people from each other. When people are able to shop from their homes, do their banking without leaving the house, watch may movie they want on their television, as well as get any information they need, then there will not be as much contract between people.
另一种让人担心的事情就是这些通讯系统很可能会把人和人给隔绝开了。如果将来人们不但在自己家里就可购物,不离开家就能办理银行的业务、就能在电视上看到人们想看的电影,还能得到人们想要的任何信息资料,到那时,人与人之间的接触的机会,就不会像现在影视样多了。
It is important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us. We can prevent this from happening by carefully controlling the new technology. As one telecommunication expert says, "we must remember that technology alone is not the answer…It is the intelligent application of technology that will lead us to success."
有一点是很重要的,好就是要让人们意识到,同一项技术既可能会帮助我们,也可能会伤害我们。我们可以用仔细认真地控制某项新技术的办法来防止该项技术会对我们造成的伤害。正像一位通讯专家所说的那样:"技术本身并不是我们要追寻的答案。正是明智地运用技术才会引导我们走向成功的目标。
New words
电信
commune
[ˈkɒmjuːn , kəˈmjuːn]
n. 群体; 市镇;
v. 与…融为一体;
community
[kəˈmjuːnəti]
n. 社会(团体); 共有; (生物)群落;
communicate
[kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt]
v. 沟通; 传递; 传染; 相通;
com-共同 + -mun-公共→共同,共通 + -ic名词词尾 + -ate动词词尾
mun(muni) = duty,function,gift,service职责、功能、礼物、服务
communication
[kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn]
n. 表达,交际; 通信(系统); 消息;
tele
['telɪ]
n. 电视;
adj. 远距离的; 远的; 电视的; 通过电话的 ;
tele-这是一个前缀,也是一个词根;来源于希腊语,意为“far”
telephone
[ˈtelɪfəʊn]
n. 电话; 电话机; (电话机的)话筒; 受话器;
vt.& vi. 以电话传送(消息),给(某人)打电话; 用电话与(某人)交谈;
-tele-远 + -phon-声音 + -e → 从远处来的声音
telegraph
[ˈtelɪɡrɑːf]
n. 电报; 电讯; 电报机; 信号机;
vt.& vi. 打电报; 流露出; 电汇; 用电报通知;
vt. 用电报发送; 打电报向(某人)发指令; 电汇; 电购;
-tele-远 + -graph-写,画
telecommunication
[ˌtelikəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn]
n. 电信; 电通信;
经由
via
[ˈvaɪə]
prep. 经由,经过; 通过,凭借;
=by way of
-via-路 → via 来自拉丁语 via,路,经由,词源同 way,vehicle.
way
[weɪ]
n. 方法,形式; 方面; 习俗; 作风; 路径; 方向; 距离;
adv. 远远地; 大量;
来源于原始印欧语wegh-,史前日耳曼语wegan,有"道路","移动","搬运"的意义。
传输
transmit
[trænzˈmɪt]
vt. 传输; 传送,传递; 发射; 传染;
vi. 发送信号;
trans-横过 + -mit-送,派
mit,miss(mis,mess) = to send(送),to throw(投;掷)来自拉丁语的mit,miss
transmit sth to sth
transmission
[trænzˈmɪʃn]
n. 播送; 传送; (电台或电视)信息; 传动装置;
画
photo
[ˈfəʊtəʊ]
n. 照片,相片;
vt.& vi. (给…)拍照;
photograph
[ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf]
n. 照片,相片;
vt.& vi. 为…拍照; 拍照,摄影; 成为拍照对象,在照片上显得;
-photo-光 + -graph-写,画 即把光记录下来,引申词义照相,相片。
graph,gram = to write(书写) 来自希腊语的graph,gram意为to write
建立
stand
[stænd]
n. 台,看台; 立场; 停止; 抵抗;
vi. 站立,起立; 竖直放置; 保持看法; 停滞;
vt. 使站立; 忍受; 抵御; 承担责任;
vt.& vi. 站立,(使)直立,站着;
st,sta,,stat,stit,sist,stitut = to stand(站立)站 立,词源同 stable,state.引申诸相关词义。
st词根加上in,it,at,or等形成了st,sta,stan,stin,stab,stal,stor,stat,stit,sist,stitut一系列词根;sist是两个st的重复,看起来更像st与is的组合。 stitut 属于富贵词根,古代社会为更好的区分社会等级,专门编造的专供富人使用的词根,同形异义词根: st(i),ste,sto,stand,stat 站。反义词根有来自拉丁语的sed,sid,sess等。
stabilize
[ˈsteɪbəlaɪz]
vt. (使)稳定,(使)稳固; 使稳定平衡:通过平衡装置维持(如,飞机或船)的稳定; 防止…的波动,平抑; 平抑价格;
vi. 变得稳定、稳固或固定;
-st-站立,放置 + abil(-able) + -ize动词词尾
-ability,-ibility = 可...性、易...性、可...
establish
[ɪˈstæblɪʃ]
v. 创建; 建立(尤指正式关系); 证实; 使被接受;
e-, 缓音字母。-stab,建立,词源同stand,stabilize.
established
[ɪˈstæblɪʃt]
adj. 已建立的,被承认的; 已设立的; 已制定的; 确定的,既定的;
v. 建立( establish的过去式和过去分词); 确定; [植物学]使(植物)定植; 使成为; 创立;
The university was established 150 years ago.
You should not break the established rule.
establishment
[ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt]
n. 机构,企业; 建立; (通常反对变革的)当权派; 权威;
They suggested the establishment of a school for the blind.
他们建议建立一所盲人学校。
blind
[blaɪnd]
adj. 失明的; 双眼模糊的; 未察觉的; 隐蔽的; 不理性的,盲目的; 封死的;
v. 使…看不见; 使眼花; 使思维混沌; 使无法认清;
n. 百叶窗; 幌子;
adv. 视线受阻地; 盲目地;
found
[faʊnd]
v. 建立; 兴建; 创办; 铸造;
v. 发现,找到(find过去式);
底部,基础,词源bottom. 进一步可追溯自PIE*bhedh, 挖,词源同bed, fossil.
信号
sign
[saɪn]
n. 迹象; 招牌; 手势; 符号;
There is a non-smoking sign on the wall
v. 签字; 和…签约; 打手势;
sign = mark,sign来自拉丁语的sign 拉丁文signare(=to mark),signum(=mark,token)
signal
[ˈsɪɡnəl]
n. 信号; 红绿灯;
The traffic signal turned red.
交通灯变红了。
v. 发信号; 示意;
Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.
adj. 重大的;
signature
[ˈsɪɡnətʃə(r)]
n. 签名; 鲜明特色;
环绕
orb
[ɔ:b]
n. 球,天体,圆形物;
orbit
[ˈɔːbɪt]
n. 轨道; 势力范围; 眼眶; (人生的)旅程,生活过程;
The earth's orbit round the sun
vt.& vi. 在…轨道上运行,环绕轨道运行;
How many planets are orbiting the sun?
来自拉丁语orbis,圈,环,球体,词源同orb.引申词义轨道。
有能力
capable
[ˈkeɪpəbl]
adj. 有能力的; 胜任的;
-cap-拿,取 + -able形容词词尾
cept,cap,capt,ceiv(ceit,cip,cup) = to take,to seize 拿,抓, 来源于拉丁语 capere意为 to take,to seize。同义词根有rehend/prehens,pris,empt/em,rap/rav,sum/sumpt,lab/lep 等。同源词have
cap(cip)还有head 的含义。cap,capit = 头 来源于拉丁语caput,“head”。 与cattle(家畜、牛群)同出一源。在最初的时候,人们的财富资本,是以他家里牛的头数来计算的,即有多少“头”。
短语
Be capable of doing
capacity
[kəˈpæsəti]
n. 容量; 才能; 职责; 生产能力; 载客量;
adj. 座无虚席的;
from capere "to take" (see capable). Meaning "largest audience a place can hold"
able
[ˈeɪbl]
adj. 能(够); 聪明能干的;
短语
be able to do
able是从法词引进的拉丁语后缀,其意思相当于that can be ~ed(能被...的)或able to be ~ed(可被...的)异体-ible是原生词缀,它只能加在拉丁词根或词干上。
ability
[əˈbɪləti]
n. 能力; 才能;
广播
broad
[brɔːd]
adj. 宽的; 广泛的; 辽阔的; 普遍的; 概括的; 明显的; 口音重的;
n. 婆娘(对女人的粗俗称呼);
可能来自break, 分开
cast
[kɑːst]
n. 全体演员; 模子; 特征,外貌; 投,抛;
v. 瞥; 投射(光线); 投(票); 扔; 抛; 挑选(演员); 描述; 浇铸;
cast的核心含义很简单,就是“扔、投掷”
broadcast
[ˈbrɔːdkɑːst]
n. 广播,电视节目;
v. 播出(节目); 散布;
BBC: British BroadcastCorporation
broad + cast
理论
theory
[ˈθɪəri]
n. 学说; 理论; 观点; 猜想;
来自希腊语 theoria,推理,假设,来自 theorein,看,观察,考虑,来自 thea,看,视野,词源 同 theater.引申词义理论,学说等。
theoretic
[ˌθɪə'retɪk]
adj. 理论上的,空谈的;
theoretically
[ˌθɪəˈretɪkli]
adv. 理论地,理论上;
in theory = theoretically
theater
[ˈθɪətə(r)]
n. 剧场; 戏剧界; 戏剧效果; [军]战区;
来自 theaomai,看,观察, 词源同 theory.
通道
access
[ˈækses]
n. 入口,通道; (使用或见到的)机会/权利;
v. 访问,存取(计算机信息); 到达,进入,使用;
have access to sth 可接近,可进入
ac(=ad,去)+cess(=cede,移动)→接近→途径。
cess = cede ←拉丁语cedere(移动) 同源词:accede(同意),accessible(可进入的)
ced,cess(ceed,ceas) = to go 走 来源拉丁动词cedere,ced是不定式词干;ceed是ced 在英语中的音变形式,它在英语中只有proceed,succeed和exceed三个原生派生词;cess是动名词词干,用来组成与某些动词相应的名词或形容词。
accessible
[əkˈsesəbl]
adj. 可进入/到达/使用的; 可理解的; 随和的;
穿过
cross
[krɒs]
v. 穿越,越过,渡过; 交叉; 画十字; 画横线于; 反对; 超过;
n. 麻烦; 十字形记号; 十字架; 混合物,杂交品种; (足球、曲棍球等球队运动中的)横传;
adj. (街道)交叉的,十字的; 愤怒的;
来源于拉丁语名词crux, crucis, f 十字架/十字形。 -cruc-十字 → cross十字
across
[əˈkrɒs]
prep. 穿过,横过; 朝向特定的方向; 在对面; 在…上; 遍及; 超越;
adv. 从一边到另一边; 朝,向; 在对面; …宽; 横写的;
限制
limit
[ˈlɪmɪt]
n. 极限; 限制; 界限; 范围;
our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.
v. 限制; 限量; 使限于;
拉丁语limitem,边界,界限。引申词义界限,限制。
limited
[ˈlɪmɪtɪd]
adj. 有限的; 受…限制;
He is not very clever and his ability to improve his work is very limited.
他不太聪明,改进工作的能力也很有限。
unlimited
[ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd]
adj. 无限的;无数的;过多的,过度的;无条件的;
There is an unlimited number of starsin the sky
天空中有无限多的星星
娱乐
entertain
[ˌentəˈteɪn]
v. 招待; 娱乐; 使有兴趣; 怀有(想法、希望、感觉等);
He entertains himself with his piano when he is free.
enter-, 更里面,中间。-tain, 握,维持,词源同contain, tenable. 即招待客人,维持客户。
entertainer
[ˌentəˈteɪnə(r)]
n. 表演者,演艺人员; 款待者;
He may not be a great actor but he is a very popular entertainer.
entertainment
[ˌentəˈteɪnmənt]
n. 娱乐节目/活动; 招待;
A cinema is a place of entertainment.
contain
[kənˈteɪn]
vt. 包含,容纳;克制,遏制;牵制;包括或由…构成;
tenable
[ˈtenəbl]
adj. 守得住的; 可防守的; 站得住脚的; 合理的;
证明
demonstrate
[ˈdemənstreɪt]
v. 证明; 说明; (游行)示威; 演示;
de-加强意义 + -mon-提醒,警告 + -ster名词词尾(e略) + -ate动词词尾
mon(min) = to warn,to advise,to remind
demonstration
[ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn]
n. 示范,演示; 证明,表明; 示威(游行); (情感)表露;
教育
educate
[ˈedʒukeɪt]
v. 教育; 教导;
In order to keep up with our times, we have to educate ourselves in the evening class after work.
为了跟上时代的步伐,我们必须在下班后上晚自习。
e-出,向外 + -duc-引导 + -ate动词词尾
来自拉丁语educere,其中的e等于ex, 表示out(出来),ducere表示lead(引导),合起来就是lead out(引导出来,启发)的意思。
education
[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]
n. 教育; 培养; 教育学; 教育机构;
Higher-education self-taught exam are held twice per year.
educational
[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl]
adj. 教育的; 有教育意义的;
主题
主题