Basic Sentence Structure

基本句式结构Basic Sentence Structure中包含五种最基本的句式结构，主要内容有Subject-Predicate主-谓结构(S-P)、Subject-Linking Verb-Subject Complement主-系-表结构(S-LV-C)、Subject-Predicate-Object主一谓一宾结构(S-P-O)等。

Basic Sentence Structure

• English has five basic sentence structures. As we have learnt, any complete sentences include some combination of a number of common elements: subject, predicate, predicative/ subject complement, object, object complement, and adverbial. Now, let's look at the possible combination of these elements.
  • Subject-Predicate 主-谓结构(S-P)
    • The S-P sentence structure consists of a noun, pronoun or other nominal as the subject of the sentence and an intransitive verb or verb phrase as the predicate. 除名词以外，其他的名词性或分，如动名词、不定式、名词性句等，其功能相当于一个名词，在句中可以做主语。谓语通常是不及物动词
      • Time flies. Dead dogs don't bite. Money talks. The large yellow bus has stopped.
  • Subject-Linking Verb-Subject Complement 主-系-表结构(S-LV-C)
    • The words acting as a predicative may be a prepositional phrase to show the place of the subject, or a noun to identify or rename the subject, or an adjective to indicate the state of the subject. 充当表语的可以是表示主语位置的介词短语，也可以是说明主语的名词，或是描述主语状态的形容词
      • Speech is a picture of the mind. Every beginning is hard. The firefighters are inside the building.
  • Subject-Predicate-Object 主一谓一宾结构 (S-P-O)
    • The verb acting as a predicate in the S-P-O sentence structure is a transitive verb, which may take a direct object or both a direct object and an indirect object. 在主-谓-宾结构中，谓语必是及物动词，即带直接宾语或语的动词
      • Poverty tries friends. Many hands make light work. Nature taught the boy the meaning of fear. Jerry handed me a Spanish dictionary.
  • Subject-Predicate-Object-Adverbial 主-谓-宾-状结构 (S-P-O-A)
    • The words acting as an adverbial may be adverbs, prepo-sitional phrases or adverbial clauses. They provide information about time, place, manner and reasons. 做状语的可以是副词、介词短 语或状语从句，表示时间、地点、 方式和原因。
      • You never miss the water till the well runs dry. No man can make a good coat with bad cloth. My daughter finished her homework quickly.
  • Subject-Predicate-Object-Object Complement 主-谓-宾一补结构(S-P-O-OC)
    • Different from an indirect object, which is the receiver of the direct object, an object complement completes the meaning of the direct object. Object complements can be nouns, adjectives or prepositional phrases. 间接宾语是直接宾语的接受者。 与间接宾语不同，宾语补足语将直接宾语的意义补充完整。名词、形容词和介词短语都可做宾补。