Classification of matte

Classification of matter：The cations generated when the electrolyte ionizesare all H+ compounds，Any of several distinct elements formed from the

Classification of matter

• classification
  • Tree classification
    • A method of classifying substances according to their composition
  • Cross classification
    • A method of classifying the same substance according to different classification criteria
• Oxide
  • Acid oxide
    • An oxide that reacts with a base to form salt and water
  • Basic oxide
    • An oxide that reacts with a acid to form salt and water
  • Amphoteric oxide
    • Eg. Iron oxide
• Equation of chemistry
  • Properties of oxygen
    • Magnesium burns in the air
    • Iron burns in oxygen
    • Hydrogen burns in the air
    • Red phosphorus burns in the air
  • Water in nature
    • Electrolysis of water (experiment to explore the composition of water)
    • Quicklime dissolves in water
    • Carbon dioxide is soluble in water
  • Law of conservation of mass
    • Iron reacts with copper sulfate solution
    • Reduction of copper oxide by oxygen
  • Carbon and carbon oxides
    • Reduction of copper oxide by charcoal
    • Marble reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
    • Calcination of limestone at high temperature
    • Reaction of lime water with carbon dioxide (test for carbon dioxide)
    • Carbon monoxide reduces copper oxide
    • Flammability of carbon monoxide
    • Sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid (Fire extinguisher principle)
  • Fuel and its utilization
    • Methane burns in the air
    • Alcohol burns in the air
    • Hydrogen burns in the air
  • Metal
    • Zinc and dilute sulfuric acid (hydrogen made in the laboratory)
    • Iron and dilute sulfuric acid
    • Reaction of iron with a solution of copper sulfate
    • The principle of iron treatment and training
  • Acids, bases, salts
    • Reaction of ferric chloride with dilute hydrochloric acid
    • Reaction of hydrochloric acid with caustic soda
    • Reaction of marble with dilute hydrochloric acid (carbon dioxide prepared in laboratory)
    • Sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
    • Sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid (to test for deterioration of sodium hydroxide)
• Chemical formula and valence
  • concept
    • A representation of the composition of matter as a combination of symbols and numbers
  • There's only one chemical formula for a pure substance, and there's only one chemical formula for a pure substance
  • Meaning of chemical formula
    • Water
      • Water is a substance
      • Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen
      • It's a molecule of water
      • Represents a water molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
    • A chemical formula preceded by a number (a meaning)
      • 2H2O：Two molecules of water
      • 2He：That's two helium atoms
  • The writing of chemical formulas
    • elemental
      • Metal elemental
      • Solid nonmetallic element
      • Noble gas elemental
      • Gaseous nonmetallic elemental
        • Element symbol + number is pronounced as: X gas
    • Compound (two elements)
      • Writing: gold helium before, oxygen after, atom number lower right
      • Pronunciation: Read from back to front, add in the middle
  • valence
    • definition
      • The number of atoms that combine with each other
    • The application of valency
      • Denote the valence of the elements in the chemical formula
      • Write ion symbols according to the elemental valence shoe
• Electrolytes and non-electrolytes
  • The electrolyte
    • Strong electrolyte
    • Weak electrolyte
  • The electrolyte
    • Non metallic oxide
      • Sulfur dioxide
        • Nitrogen dioxide
          • Carbon dioxide
    • Gaseous oxide
      • methane
        • ammonia
    • Most organic matter
      • sucrose
        • alcohol
  • The difference between electrolyte and non-electrolyte
    • nature
      • Electrolytes can ionize, non-electrolytes cannot ionize
    • Compound of origin
      • Electrolytes are ionic or covalent compounds and non-electrolytes are covalent compounds
  • form
    • Hydrated ions or water and molecules
  • The electrical conductivity
    • The determinants
      • It depends on the concentration of ions, not how many ions there are
• How a substance behaves in an aqueous solution
  • Water ionization
    • characteristic
      • Extremely weak, with few ions in the water, and almost no electricity
      • Endothermic: the degree of ionization increases with rising temperature
• Salt
  • When ionized, cation (or ammonia ion) and acid ion compounds containing metals are formed
    • Normal salt
      • Sodium sulfate
        • Potassium sulfide
    • Acid salt
      • Sodium bisulfate
        • Potassium bicarbonate
    • Basic salt
      • Basic copper carbonate
• alkali
  • solubility
    • soluble
      • Sodium hydroxide
        • Potassium hydroxide
    • The undissolved
      • Ferrous hydroxide
        • Iron hydroxide
          • Magnesium hydroxide
  • The degree of ionization
    • Strong
      • Sodium hydroxide
        • Potassium hydroxide
          • Barium hydroxide
    • Weak
      • Monohydrate and ammonia
• Acid
  • The cations generated when the electrolyte ionizes are all H+ compounds
  • The degree of ionization
    • Strong
      • Sulfuric acid
        • Hydrochloric acid
          • Nitric acid
    • Weak
      • carbonic acid
        • Acetic acid
• Allotrope
  • Any of several distinct elements formed from the same element