语用speech act

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Speech/Pragmatic Act Theory

• utterance 1
  • constative
  • performative
    • explicit(verb required)
    • implicit
• utterance 2
  • locution
  • illocution
    • illocutionary force
      • verdictives 裁决类
      • exercitives 施权类
      • commissives 承诺类
      • behabitives 表态类
      • expositives 阐述类
  • perlocution
• felicity condition
  • general conditions
    • the understanding of the language used
  • propositional content condition
    • the state of affairs portrayed
  • preparatory conditions
    • the prior to the utterance
  • sincerity condition
    • speaker's state of mind
  • essential condition
    • the utterance must be recognizable as an instance of a particular illocutionary act
• indirect speech acts
  • one illocutionary act performed indirectly by way of performing another illocutionary act
  • primary illocutionary act indirect force
  • secondary illocutionary act literal force
• extended speech acts (organized sequence)
  • relative appropriateness
  • three principles
    • find at least one goal besides the inherent one
    • the speech act and the extra goal which the utterance mean to achieve share the same hierarchical status
    • the goal that needs the fewer other goals to be acceptable/understandable ranks higher
• Pragmatic Act Theoy(PAT)
  • a set of conditions or affordance make a pragmatic act recognizable
    • formal features
    • contextual beliefs
    • interpersonal beliefs
    • co-textual features
    • outcomes