Morphology形态学

Morphology A B likely unlikely happy unhappy equal unequal desirable undesirable developed undeveloped Q: Any connection between these tw...

Morphology形态学

• definition
  • part of grammar that is concerned with word formation and word structure
• the classification of the words
  • Content words/Open class words
    • the content words of a language since new words can be addded
  • Function words/Closed class words
    • small and stable since few new words are added
• Morphemes—the minimal units of meaning
  • definition
    • the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function
  • classification of Morphemes
    • free morphemes
      • a morpheme which can be a word by itself
      • lexical morphemes
      • functional morphemes
        • and，if，or，but
    • bound morphemes
      • a morpheme that must be attached to another one
      • derivational morphemes 派生词素
        • -er，-ness，-ly
      • inflectional morphemes 曲折词素
        • -ed，-er，-est
  • allomorphs词素变体Morph形素
    • the variant forms of a morpheme
    • the smallest meaningful phonetic segments
• Analyzing word structures
  • defintion
    • the smallest free form found in language
  • roots and affixes
    • the root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning
    • affixes are always bound morphemes
      • prefix
      • suffix
      • infix
• Morphological rules of word formation
  • definition
    • the ways words are formed are called morphological rules. These reles determine how morphemes combine to form words.
  • Productive morphological rules
    • some of the morphological rules can be used quite freely to form new words
    • un+adjective=not——adjective
  • word formation
    • Derivation 派生
      • an affixational process that forms a word with a meaning distinct from that of its bases
      • derivational affixes— -able，-al，-ing，-ive，-ful，-ize，-ness，de-，dis-，re-，anti-，un-
    • Compounding 复合词
      • productive way of word formation