英语演讲与辩论

这是一篇关于英语演讲与辩论的思维导图，主要内容有Specific information of Public Speaking一、工作规划方面二、人际处理方面等。

English Public Speaking and Debating

• Specific information of Public Speaking
  • Types
    • Informative speech
      • Definition: Public speaking to inform occurs in a wide range of everyday situations
      • Four types: speeches on objects/process/events/concepts
        • objects: choose a specific purpose
        • process：explain how something is made/done and how it works
        • events: important/interesting/unusual things--perfomance/sports competion/party etc.
        • concepts: beliefs/theories/ideas/principles
    • Pursasive speech
      • Definition: the process of creating/reinforcing/changing people's beliefs or actions-selling an idea
      • Standpoint: neutral/strongly/moderately/slightly opposed or in favor
      • Content: qustions of facts/values/policy
      • Methods of pursuation
        • Building credibility
          • explain competence/establish common grounds with the audience/fluently,expressively and convincingly
        • Using Evidence
          • specific/novel evidence, credible sources, clarify the points
        • Logical reasoning
          • specific instance/principle/casual/analogical reasoning
        • Appealing to emotions
          • voice/speed/expressions/body language/questions
    • Special occasions
      • introduction/presentation/acceptance/commemorative speech
    • 提升自我，让工作更顺心
  • Order
    • Chronological order
    • Spatial order
    • Topical order
    • Problem-Cause-Solution order
• 一、工作规划方面
  • 提高认识充满热情
    • 从历史的视角认识到地方志工作的重要性
    • 在深耕细作中找到乐趣、找到价值感
    • 更好的地完成领导交代给我的任务
  • 加强学习夯实基础
    • 通过互联网搜索地方志办公室具体的工作内容和大致方向
    • 通过系统查阅地区志，市年鉴，了解市年鉴的大致内容情况
    • 作为新人，要在志鉴论坛、志鉴纵横、修志法苑中阅读、学习前辈们对地方志工作的观点、看法
    • 通过互联网等新媒体平台了解党最新的动态。
    • 阅读国务院2014年下发的《地方志工作条例》
• 二、人际处理方面
  • 尊重领导，踏实做事
    • 做好自己份内的工作，实在做事，实在做人
    • 对自己要求高一点，对别人宽容大度一点
    • 充分了解领导对工作的具体要求，按照领导的要求按时完成工作
    • 委婉地向领导表达我的看法和意见
    • 领导仍然不认可我的意见，那么一定会按照领导的意图做事，确保任务圆满完成
  • 帮助同事，学习同事
    • 多向老同事学习，向老同事请教
    • 老同事工作量比较大，我又有余力的话，一定尽量帮老同事分担他们的工作压力
  • 如有误会，自省沟通
    • 反省自我
      • 第一反省是不是自己的工作能力不足
      • 第二反省是不是我说话、处理问题方式存在问题
    • 多与领导同事相处沟通
      • 比如一起锻炼运动
      • 在愉快的环境下解释事情，寻求他们的理解
• Introduction of Public Speaking
  • Definition in dictionary
    • the act or process of making speeches in public
    • the act of effective oral communication with an audience
    • a way of making your ideas public
  • 7 elements
    • speaker
    • listener
    • message
    • situation
    • interference
    • feedback
    • channel
  • Features beyond casual conversations
    • More highly structured
    • Requires more formal language
    • Requires a different method of delivery
  • Meaning or Influence
    • Bost confidence significantly
    • Build critical thinking skills
    • Improve communication skills
    • Learn to be a good listener
    • Make new socaial connections
    • Build up leadership skills
    • Develop vocabulary and fluency in English
    • Bring career benefits
  • Skills to deliver a good public speech
    • Outstanding oral English
      • fluency/coherence
      • accuracy of grammer and vocabulary
      • paraphrasing
      • accurate pronunciation
    • Professional speech skills
      • Verbal skills: volume/pitch/rate/pauses/pronunciation/articulation/dialect
      • Non-verbal skills: appearance/movement/gestures/eye contact
    • Sharp critical thinking ability
      • Definition: process of conceptualizing/analyzing/applying through observation/experience/reflection
      • Methods: qustion/discuss/learn/study examples/go beyond academic learning
    • Profound cultural accumulation