Reasoning

Reasoning creates relationship between ideas and helps us to make sense of the things around us.

Reasoning

• importance of reasoning
  • Reasoning explains how we move from evidence to conclusion
    • Aristotle 3things 1)logos 2)pathos 3)ethos
      • The reasoning should be sound acceptable methods of reasoning
  • basic function of human brain reasoning refers to the movement of thought
    • Reasoning creates relationship between ideas and helps us to make sense of the things around us.
• 4 basic methods of reasoning
  • Reasoning by example
    • Progressing a number of specific cases to a general conclusion
    • Probability >Certainty
    • be used to support claims of fact
    • Examples must be sufficient
    • Examples must be representative
  • Reasoning by analogy
    • Making a comparison between 2 similar cases and inferring that what is true in one case is true in the other
    • The two cases being compared have significant similarities
  • Reasoning from principle
    • Progressing from a general principle to a specific instance of that principle
    • More stress on certainty
    • Well-proven and acceptable premises
    • Unambiguous instances
  • Reasoning by cause
    • Establishing the cause-effect relationship so that one can infer the cause of the known effects, or in reverse the effects of the known cause.
    • Involves inferring
    • Discerning the causes practical, effective