英语虚拟语气用法

英语虚拟语气用法总结，包括非真实条件句、在非真实条件句中几个变体、名词性从句中、其他从句中的用法等等。

虚拟语气用法 表____________________________

• 非真实条件句
  • If I knew her number, I could ring her up now. 如果我知道她的电话号码，我现在就能给她打电话了 If it were her number, I could ring her up now. 如果这是她的号码，我现在就可以给她打电话。
    • 与现在事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词用过去式（be用were）
      • 主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+V原
  • If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 如果他开快点的话，他就能赶上火车了。
    • 与过去事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词用had done形式
      • 主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done
  • If it should/ were to rain tomorrow, we would call off the match. 如果明天下雨的话，我们将取消比赛。
    • 与将来事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词
        • 完全动词过去式(be用were)
        • should+V原
        • were to do
      • 主句谓语用should/would/could/might+V原
• 在非真实条件句中几个变体
  • 省略和倒装
    • If I were you, I would go at once. =Were I you, I would go at once. 如果我是你的话，我立刻就离开。
      • 若条件从句中谓语有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should放在句首
        • 子主题
  • 错综时间条件句，主从句时间不一致 ___________________________________
    • If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。
      • 主从句谓语动词形式取决于各自要表达的具体时间
  • 含蓄条件句
    • eg) But for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier. 要不是那场暴雨，我早就到了。 eg) Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the driving test. 没有你的帮助，我就不会通过驾照考试。
      • or otherwise
• 名词性从句中
  • 宾语从句中
    • wish后面的宾语从句（通常表示不可能或没有实现的愿望）
      • eg) I wish I knew everything in the world. 要是我什么都懂就好了。 eg) We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 要是我们早到两个小时就好了。 eg) I wish we could go to the seaside someday. 我希望有一天我们能够去海边。
        • 表示现在用过去式
        • 表示过去用过去完成式
        • 表示将来用would,might,could+V原
    • Disco
      • They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people. 他们要求黑人应该和白人一样被同等对待。
        • 一个“坚持”...... insist
        • 两个“命令”...... order/command
        • 三个“建议”...... advise/suggest/propose
        • 四个“要求”...... require/request/demand/desire
    • would rather
      • I would rather I hadn’t told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。
        • would rather后，从句常用一般过去时形式，表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时，表示过去的情况
  • 主语从句中（只做理解，不做掌握）
    • 在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)+that”中，后面谓语动词用should+V原
      • It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently. 他很有必要经常听收音机。
    • 在“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that…”句型中用should+V原
      • It is a pity that he should fall off his bicycle. 很遗憾，他竟然从自行车上摔下来。
    • 若表示说话人的看法，想法或意见，在句型it is/was+adj.+that从句中，主语从句可用虚拟语气，主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或者将来情况，用should have done表示过去
• 其他从句中
  • 在as if/though从句中
    • She treated the pupil as if/as though he were her son. 她对待那个学生就好像他是她的儿子一样。
      • 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，as if/though从句谓语用过去式
    • He looks as if/ as though he had been hit by lighting. 他看起来好像被雷击了。
      • 表示与过去事实相反，as if/though从句谓语用过去完成式
  • 在含有even if/though从句的复合句中
    • eg) If only I were a flying bird! 要是我是只飞鸟就好了。 eg) If only I had seen the film! 要是我看过这部电影就好了。
      • 若表示与事实相反，可用虚拟语气形式，主从句 谓语形式与非真实条件从句相同
  • 在句型“It is time that(该去做某事)”中，that从句谓语用过去式
    • It is high time that you went / should go to school. 该是你上学的时候了
• ＋宾语从句-----(should) do