导图社区 英语语法术语(全)
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编辑于2022-11-23 22:35:17 上海语法术语 Grammatical terms
语法 grammar
词法 morphology
句法 syntax
语法层次 grammar hierarchy/rank
词素 morpheme
自由词素/实义词素 free/content morpheme
词根 root
粘附词素/语法词素 bound morpheme/grammatical morpheme
词缀 affix
前缀 prefix
后缀 suffix
单词 word
初中1600
构词法 word building
转化法 conversion
派生法 derivation
合成法 composition
根据构词法
简单词 simple word
派生词 derivative word
复合词 compound word
根据语法功能
实词 notional word
虚词 structural word
词组/短语 phrase
不定式短语 infinite phrase
介词短语 prepositional phrase
分词短语 participial phrase
分句(从句) clause
定语从句 the attributive clause
限制性定语从句defining attributive clause
非限制性定语从句non-defining attributive clause
名词性从句 noun/nominal clause
主语从句subject clause
宾语从句object clause
表语从句predicative clause
同位语从句appositive clause
状语从句 adverbial clause
时间状语从句adverbial clause of time
原因状语从句adverbial clause of reason
条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition
目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose
结果状语从句adverbial clause of result(degree)
比较状语从句adverbial clause of comparison
让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession
附属从句 subordinate clause
并列从句 coordinate clause
句子 sentence
根据交际功能according to communicative function
陈述句 declarative sentence
肯定句 positive/assertive/affirmative sentence
否定句 negative sentence
否定 negation
否定范围 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation
存现句(存在句) existential sentence
there be 句型
疑问句 interrogative sentence
一般疑问句general question
特殊疑问句 special question
选择疑问句 alternative question
反意疑问句 tag/disjunctive question
修辞疑问句(反问句) rhetorical question
感叹疑问句 exclamatory question
祈使句 imperative sentence
感叹句 exclamatory sentence
倒装句 inverted sentence/inversion
完全倒装 full inversion
部分倒装 partial inversion
强调句 emphatic sentence
强调 emphasis
分裂句 cleft sentence
倒装 inversion
前置 fronting
inversion-needed
complete/full inversion
partial inversion
non-inversion
后置 postponement
省略句 elliptical sentence
根据构成 constituents /sentence structure
简单句 simple sentence
并列 coordination
并列连词 coordinator
并列句 coordinate sentence(复合句 compound sentence)
从属 subordination
从属连词 sunordinator
简单从属连词 simple subordinator
复杂从属连词 complex subordinator
关联从属连词 correlative subordinator
边际从属连词 marginal suborfinator
复杂句 complex sentence
主句 main clause
从句 subordinate clause
名词性从句 nominal clause
基本结构 basic structure
从句引导词 subordinating conjunction +从句本身 clause
主语从句 subject clause
宾语从句 object clause
表语从句 predicative clause
同位语从句 appositive clause
定语从句 attributive sentence(关系分句 relative clause)
基本结构 basic structure
先行词 antecedent + 关系代词 relative pronoun/关系副词 relative adverb+从句本身 clause
限制性定语从句 restrictive attributive clause
非限制性定语从句 non-restrictive attributive clause
状语从句
时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time
条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
原因状语从句 adverbial clause of reason/cause
目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose
结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result/degree
让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession
方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner
比较状语从句 adverbial clause of comparison
比例状语从句 adverbial clause of proportion
句子成分 components/members of a sentence
主语 subject
逻辑主语 logical subject
虚主语 empty subject/anticipatory element
What time is it?
形式(主语) placeholder
谓语 predicate
简单谓语 simple predicate
复合谓语 compound predicate
表性状的复合谓语 compound nominal predicate
表行为的复合谓语 compound verbal predicate
宾语 object
双宾语 dual object
直接宾语 direct object
间接宾语 indirect object
复合宾语 complex object
object + object complement
同源宾语 cognate object
定语 attribute
限制性定语 limiting attributes
前置修饰语 pre-modifier
后置修饰语 post-modifier
状语 adverbial
修饰性状语 adjunctive adverbial
评注性状语 disjunctive adverbial
连接性状语 conjunctive adverbial
补语 complement
主补 subject complement
宾补 object complement
同位语 appositive
插入语 parenthesis
插入成分 inserted elements
句子的转换 transformation of sentences
句子分析 analysis of sentences
词性(词类) part of speech
classification of nouns 名词的分类
structure 构造
简单名词 simple noun
复合名词 compound noun
派生名词 derivative noun
lexical meaning 词汇意义
专有名词 proper noun
普通名词 common noun
individual noun 个体名词
collective noun 集合名词
material noun 物质名词
abstract noun 抽象名词
语法功能 grammatical function
count/countable noun 可数名词
non-count/uncountable/mass noun 不可数名词
gender 性
阴性 feminine
she
阳性 masculine
he
中性 neuter
it
通性 common gender
she/he
case 格
普通格 common case
主格 nominative case
宾格 objective case
所有/属格 possessive/genitive case
‘s
of
独立属格/省略属格 independent genitive/elliptical genitive
双重属格 double genitive
后置属格 rear genitive
动词 verb
动词的主要形式 principle forms of verbs
动词原型 base form
现在式 the present form
第三人称单数 third person form
过去式 the past form
现在分词 present participle
过去分词 past participle
主动词 main verb
linking verb 系动词
感官动词 verb of senses
be动词 be verb
情态动词 modal verb
epistemic use 推测性用法
non-epistemic use 非推测性用法
助动词 auxiliary verb
使役动词 causative verb
短语动词 phrasal verb
intransitive verb 不及物动词
transitive verb 及物动词
单及物动词 monotransitive verb
双及物动词 ditransitive verb
复杂及物动词 complex transitive verb
规则动词 regular verb
不规则动词 irregular verb
限定动词 finite verb
非限定动词 infinite verb
不定式 the infinitive
-ing分词 -ing participle
动名词 gerund
现在分词 present participle
-ed分词 -ed participle
过去分词 past participle
动态动词 dynamic verb/event verb
持续动词 durative verb
瞬间动词 instant verb
静态动词/状态动词 stative verb
adjective 形容词
比较序级 degrees of comparison
原级 positive degree
比较级 comparative degree
最高级 superlative degree
单个形容词 one-word adjective
复合形容词 compound adjective
中心形容词 central adjective
外围形容词 peripheral adjective
定语形容词 attributive adjective
表语形容词 predicative adjective
动态形容词 dynamic adjective
静态形容词 stative adjective
等级形容词 gradable adjective
非等级形容词 non-gradable adjective
有标记的形容词 marked adjective
无标记形容词 unmarked adjective
特征性形容词 intrinsic adjective
非特征性形容词 non-intrinsic adjective
determiner 限定词
前位限定词 pre determiner
后位限定词 post determiner
中位限定词 central determiner
adverb 副词
构成方式 formation
简单副词 simple adverb
派生副词 derivative adverb
词汇意义 lexical meaning
时间副词 adverb of time
地点副词 adverb of place
方式副词 adverb of manner
频度副词 adverb of frequency
程度副词 adverb of degree
焦点副词 adverb of focus
语法功能 grammatical function
修饰性副词 adjunctive adverb
评注性副词 disjunctive adverb
连接性副词 conjunctive adverb
其他 others
关系副词 relative adverb
疑问副词 interrogativeadverb
解说副词 explanatory adverb
感叹副词 exclamatory adverb
pronoun 代词
定指代词 definite pronoun
人称代词 personal pronoun
物主代词 possessive pronoun
名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun
反身代词 reflexive pronoun
指示代词 demonstrative pronoun
相互代词 reciprocal pronoun
疑问代词 interrogative pronoun
不定代词 indefinite pronoun
普遍代词 universal pronoun
部分代词 partitive pronoun
数量代词 quantifier
preposition 介词
简单介词 simple preposition
复杂介词 complex preposition/multi-word preposition
article 冠词
种类 type
不定冠词 indefinite article
定冠词 definite article
零冠词 zero article
用法 usage
类指 generic reference
特指 specific reference
有定的特指 definite specific reference
无定的特指 indefinite specific reference
numeral 数词
基数词 cardinal numbers
小数 decimal
序数词 ordinal numbers
倍数词 multiplicative numbers
分数 fraction
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form
连词 conjunction
并列连词 coordinating conjunction
从属连词 subordinating conjunction
感叹词 exclamation/interjection
时态 tense
时 time
态 aspect
types of tenses
一般时 simple tense
一般现在时 present simple tense
一般过去时 past simple tense
一般将来时 future simple tense
一般过去将来时 simple past future tense
进行时 continuous tense
现在进行时 present continuous tense
过去进行时 past continuous tense
将来进行时 future continuous tense
现在完成进行时 present perfect progressive tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect progressive tense
将来完成进行时 future perfect progressive tense
过去将来进行时 past future progressive tense
完成时 perfect tense
过去完成时 past perfect tense
现在完成时 present perfect tense
将来完成时 future perfect tense
过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
语态 voice
主动语态 active voice
被动语态 passive voice
语气 mood
陈述语气 indicative mood
祈使语气 imperative mood
虚拟语气 subjunctive mood
真实条件句 sentences of real condition
虚拟条件句 sentences of unreal condition
语序 order
自然语序 natural word order
倒装语序 inversion
全部倒装 full inversion
部分倒装 partial inversion
虚拟语气 subjunctive mood
真实条件句 sentences of real condition
虚拟条件句 sentences of unreal condition
陈述语气 indicative mood
祈使语气 imperative mood
语音学 phonetics
发音 pronounciation
语调 intonation
语气 tone
升调 rising tone
降调 falling tone
升降调 rising-falling tone
降升调 falling-rising tone
音标 phonetic symbol
音节 syllable
开音节 open syllable
闭音节 close syllable
重读闭音节 stressed close syllable
元音 vowel
单元音 monophthong
双元音 difhthong
辅音 consonant
爆破音 plosive
摩擦音 fricative
连读 liasion
重读 stress
同化 assimilation
失爆 lose of plosive
不完全失爆 incomplete plosive
意群 sense group
其他语法现象
比较结构 comparison construction
原形 positive/absolute degree
比较级 comparative degree
最高级 superlative degree
主谓一致subject-verb concord/agreement
语法一致 principle of grammatical concord
意义一致 principle of notional concord
就近原则 principle of proximity
独立主格 nominative absolute
独立成分 independent elements
直接引语和间接引语 direct speech and indirect speech
引述动词 reporting verb
自由直接引语 free direct speech
自由间接引语 free indirect speech
替代 substitution
名词性替代 nominal substitution
动词性替代 verbal substitution
分句替代 clausal substitution
标点符号 punctuation mark
句号 period/ full stop
逗号 comma
问号 question mark
感叹号 exclamation mark
冒号 colon
分号 semicolon
引号 quotation marks
括号 brackets
角括号 angle brackets
圆括号 parentheses/ curves
方括号 square brackets
大括号 brace
破折号 dash
连字符 hyphen
省略号 apostrophe
斜线号 slant
星号 asterisk
平行线 parallel
浮动主题