导图社区 虚拟语气导图
虚拟语气中语气种类有陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三种,虚拟语气在过去、现在和未来下的基本用法,与其它动词一起表达强烈的情感--自主学习,一起看看吧。
编辑于2022-12-15 12:11:32 上海中心主题
语法知识
1.语气种类
陈述语气
表达动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的
重点:和事实不符,通过变换动词表达该语气。
2.视频例子:学生考试
主角:小王,小李,小张
现在:考试结束
Oh~~~!I am home. Welcome back. How was your final exam ,Charlie? No, I failed my English exam. Ah,if I reviewed my note book, I would get a higher score. Yeah. if spent less time on PS5 , you should get an A. Correction, if you play the PS5 less , you might get a C. Can't you just have a little faith in me? Ha, if I weren't your sister I could have some more faith Ah mean sister.
过去:去年的旅行
An: Just relax. Hey do you remember our trip to Switherland last year? Al: Yes ,it was really an unforgetable trip. Ch: Yeah, if I hadn't gone skiing , I would never konw what snow tasted like. Al: If you hadn't fallen , the trip should have been so memorable. Ch: Once again, you are a mean sister. An: If I hadn;t gone to Switherland, I might have stayed at home and eaten all the cheese in the house. Al: haha, If you had eaten all the cheese, you should have been a big, round ball now. Ch: And if you had been caught by mom and dad, they would have punished you for housework for a month. So I don't have to do that. Al: Well, you are too lazy.
将来:今年的计划
An: Do we have any travel plans this year? Al: Well , mom and dad were going to take us to Chongqing for a trip. But they are very busy this year, so we are only going to visit grandmom's house for vacation this year. Ch: Choqing?China?Oh , I 've been looking forward to going to China for a long time. If we went to Chongqing, we would be able to take the light rail running through buildings and take a video. We are gonna get thousands of likes. An: If we were to go to Chongqing, we should do some shopping at Jie Fangbei and know what an 8D city is like. Al: Ah,If we should go to Chongqing, we could try local hot pot, which is said to be good for skin. Ch: Ha, your skin does need some maintenance. An: Here they go again.
3.虚拟语气基本用法:在过去、现在和未来下的虚拟。
和现在事实相反的情景
简单记忆:(就是视频里的例子)if I did/be were和 swmc 从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were) 主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do。 would是中性,理解为“会”。 might语气委婉,理解为“可能会”。 could语气委婉,可以替代might。但是表达“能够”的意思时,用could。 should是中性,但只要想表达“应该”,就用它。
和过去事实相反的情景
简单记忆:if had done和swmc have done 从句:If+主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done。 swmc的用法:和“过去事实相反的情景”相同,仅仅多了一条:should和would表意相同。
和将来事实相反的情景(实际上将来不可能发生或者可能性很小的事情)
简单记忆:if+were to do或should do或did或were 从句:①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should+do ③if +动词过去式(be动词用were) 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
4.与其它动词一起表达强烈的情感:自主学习
一、 wish后的宾语从句 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were);若表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should);若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句 主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓 语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国 英语中通常可以省略。
三、表示“命令”后的宾语从句 主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语 中通常可以省略。
四、表示“建议”后的宾语从句 主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句 谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
五、表示“要求”后的宾语从句 主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语 由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常 可以省略。
六、表示“敦促”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词 原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
七、表示“安排”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构 成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
八、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其 中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。