老龄化

在很多国家，老年人比例不断增加，这种趋势对社会有积极还是消极影响

In many countries,the proportion of older people is steadily increasing.Does this trend have positive or negative effects on society （老龄化对社会的优缺点） （ 6.5-7)

• 介绍段
  • 背景
    • 科技,财富
      • 老龄化速度
        • Technological change and the increase in personal wealth have contributed to the improvement in life expectancy,and many countries have seen their population ageing at an unprecedented pace.
  • 立场
    • 虽然老年人可为社会贡献但有许多问题
      • 弊大于利
        • The problems of this demographic change far outweigh its positive impact.
• 主体第一段
  • 中心句
    • 问题 1: 医疗费用激增，增加纳税人负担
      • 问题1:医疗，经济
        • One social problem related to population ageing is that the medical costs will increase dramatically and hurt the economy .
  • 背景
    • 晚年，医需
      • The need for medical care as well as the spending on it tends to increase with age.
  • 拓展结果
    • 政府花较多在老人，其余有资金问题
      • 老年病，政府，缺口
        • Elderly people are prone to health problems such as heart disease,arthritis and Parkinson’s disease,so a country with a large proportion of people over 65 has to increase the expenditure on medical services to treat aging-related conditions.This leads to a budget cut for education,infrastructure projects and scientific research,which can affect a society adversely not only in the quality of life but also in long-term economic growth .
• 主体第二段
  • 中心句
    • 问题 2: 大龄工作者增加，工作节奏慢
      • 问题2:社会产量
        • Another problem is that the productivity of the whole society will drop as the number of workers aged 65 and above increases.
  • 背景
    • 年龄增大使能力下降
      • 退休金资格年龄，能力
        • An ageing society normally has to raise the pension eligibility age to keep the pension scheme running,so it is not unusual for senior citizens to stay in the workforce even in their 60s.These people,however,struggle with cognitive decline and other conditions which can limit their ability to process information and handle work.
  • 拓展结果
    • 公司效率，盈利
      • 经济，社会
        • If they delay retirement,their poor performance may have an adverse impact on company’s productivity and profitability.This can exacerbate the economic problem mentioned earlier and have an adverse impact on social progress.
• 主体第三段
  • 中心句
    • 好处：其经验和智慧是财富
      • 好处：经验，智慧
        • On the other hand,it is possible that societies can tap into the wisdom and experience of elderly people.
  • 解释
    • 专家；传授
      • Having worked for decades,they are experts in their fields of work and have practical experience,specialist knowledge and work-related tips that they can share with younger generations.
  • 举例
    • 管理
      • 研究员
        • Senior business managers,for example,teach young people how to manage a company and to deal with complaints and queries of clients,while veteran researchers can pass on their knowledge to young scientists about how to oversee and execute projects.This would not happen if people did not live long lives.
• 结论
  • 再次表明立场
    • 为医疗施加压力，降低劳动力产出
      • 医疗，产能
        • In conclusion,a rapidly-ageing population can impose a strain on the medical system and reduce the productivity of a country.
  • 总结观点
    • 虽然可利用其智慧，但影响经济发展
      • 虽然收益，难
        • These social issues cannot be tackled easily,although the wisdom of elderly people can yield benefits for society.