虚拟式

新编英语语法教程第六版关于虚拟语气，假设意义表示法有：陈述式，祈使式，虚拟式概说、现代英语表示假设意义的语法手段综述。

虚拟语气

• 假设意义表示法
  • 陈述式，祈使式，虚拟式概说
    • 区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式
      • 陈述事实
        • 陈述式
          • He goes to church everyday
      • 发出命令
        • 祈使式
          • Go to school
      • 虚拟假设
        • 虚拟式
          • Mother insisted that he go to hospital at once.
            • 虚拟语气传达假设意义，和其他非事实意义的动词形式
              • 用陈述式的一般过去式
                • Its time we had a rest
              • 过去进行式
                • I was wondering if you would let me use your car
              • 过去完成体
                • How wish i had gone there with you
              • 情态助动词的过去式加动词不定式或不定式完成体
                • I should/would be there by now if i had started earlier
                • He would have been there by now if he had not missed the train
              • 综合以上用法使用
                • If it snowed tomorrow, the match would have to be put off
                • If the teacher had caught them cheating, she would have been furious
                • If it had not been for me, you would not be free now.
            • 虚拟语气的两种形式
              • were形式，只有were一个形式
                • i wish i were young again
                • If i were you，i would not go there
              • be形式，虚拟式与原型同形
                • If he be found guilty, this membership shall be suspended
                • It is essential that he recognize his faults
  • 现代英语表示假设意义的语法手段综述
    • 假设意义，非事实意义
      • 一般过去时，过去完成体
        • 过去式
          • it is time (that)是时候
            • it is time we went to bed
            • it is about time you made your mind
            • it is high time we left this place
          • i would rather /sooner (that)you/he/they我宁愿
            • but i would rather they went by bus
            • i'd rather he told me truth
            • i would rather he had been present
          • if only要是就好了
            • If only i khew his address
            • if only he didn;t drive so fast
          • he behaves as if/ as though好像是
            • He beheaves as if he owned this place
            • He ordered me about as if he was the boss of mine
            • we remerbered that accidence vividly, as if it happened only yesterday.
            • She looked like she had had bad news
          • i wish (that)要是...就好了
            • 与现在和过去事实相反的主观愿望
              • I wish that i didn't have to go to work today
              • I wish that i was bit taller
              • i wish i hadn't say that
            • 用某些情态助动词的过去时形态，表示客气的请求和委婉的劝告
              • I wish you would listen your teacher's advice
              • i wish i could do something for you in return
              • How i wish he might lend him a hand
            • 与hope对比
              • 不表示假设意义，hope（that)随后的动词形式除了表示委婉口气之外，很少用过去式形态
                • I hope you are ready
                • i hope you're coming to our party
                • i hope you can do somthing to help her
                • we hope you will be very happy
      • 情态助动词，半助动词
        • 条件句
          • If i were you, i would not miss this opportunity
          • If he be found guility, he would be sent to prison
        • 含蓄条件句
          • But for your help, i couldn;t have achieved anything
          • Anyone who should violate the law should be punished
          • Born in better times(If he had been born in better times), he would have done credit to the profession of letters
        • 其它语境
          • That i should seen a college student arrested for the stealing!竟然should
          • Would that flood might never come again但愿这洪水永远不会再来
          • Oh that i could see him again =i wish that i could see him again
          • would that she could see her son again=If only she could see her son again
        • 特殊动词形式，古英语
          • be型虚拟语气
          • were型虚拟语气
      • 虚拟式动词形式
        • be型虚拟语气
          • 表示命令，决定。建议等词之后的that分句中
            • 子主题
              • 用于decide,decree, demand, insist, move建议, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后的that分句中
                • He ordered that all the books be sent at once
                • We peopose somebody neutral take the chair
                • She insisted that she go to the south for the holiday
            • 用在 decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirment, resolution等名词之后的that分句
              • The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston
              • We were faced the demand that this tax be abolished
            • 用在advisable，approperiate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, proper等形容词之后的that分句
              • It is essential that all the books be sent again
              • It is necessary that he come back without delay
          • 用于由于if，though等连词引导的分句中
            • 推测，让步， 防备等含义
              • 只能在if，though， whatever， lest， so long as.weather等引导的分句中使用
                • If he gound guilty， John shall have the right of appeal
                • If the rumour be true, everything will be posssible
                • 在非正式语体中不一样
          • 用于某些公式化语句中
            • 祝愿，诅咒，禁止
              • Long live the PPC（People's public of China)
              • God bless you!
              • heaven forbid!
              • So be it!
              • Devil taker him!
        • were型虚拟语气
          • 用于某些状语分句中
            • if，only， as if， as though， though
              • If i were you, ishould wait till next week
              • He spoke to me as if i were deaf
          • 用于某些名词性分句中
            • wish, would rather, suppose, imagine+that（表示一种臆想，一般不可能发生）
              • I wish it were spring all year
              • I'd rather i wasn't at the site of the accidence
              • if i were you和as it were(宛如）只用were不用was
                • were i to do it =if i were to do it,i should rely on you
                • He is my best friend, my second self, as it were
                • 现代英语中， 虚拟语气已经不是一个很重要的语法范畴， 有时甚至可以根据语义意图were可以用was 和is取代
• BE-型虚拟式
• WERE-型虚拟
• 浮动主题