导图社区 虚拟式
新编英语语法教程第六版关于虚拟语气,假设意义表示法有:陈述式,祈使式,虚拟式概说、现代英语表示假设意义的语法手段综述。
编辑于2023-03-24 20:44:24虚拟语气
假设意义表示法
陈述式,祈使式,虚拟式概说
区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式
陈述事实
陈述式
He goes to church everyday
发出命令
祈使式
Go to school
虚拟假设
虚拟式
Mother insisted that he go to hospital at once.
虚拟语气传达假设意义,和其他非事实意义的动词形式
用陈述式的一般过去式
Its time we had a rest
过去进行式
I was wondering if you would let me use your car
过去完成体
How wish i had gone there with you
情态助动词的过去式加动词不定式或不定式完成体
I should/would be there by now if i had started earlier
He would have been there by now if he had not missed the train
综合以上用法使用
If it snowed tomorrow, the match would have to be put off
If the teacher had caught them cheating, she would have been furious
If it had not been for me, you would not be free now.
虚拟语气的两种形式
were形式,只有were一个形式
i wish i were young again
If i were you,i would not go there
be形式,虚拟式与原型同形
If he be found guilty, this membership shall be suspended
It is essential that he recognize his faults
现代英语表示假设意义的语法手段综述
假设意义,非事实意义
一般过去时,过去完成体
过去式
it is time (that)是时候
it is time we went to bed
it is about time you made your mind
it is high time we left this place
i would rather /sooner (that)you/he/they我宁愿
but i would rather they went by bus
i'd rather he told me truth
i would rather he had been present
if only要是就好了
If only i khew his address
if only he didn;t drive so fast
he behaves as if/ as though好像是
He beheaves as if he owned this place
He ordered me about as if he was the boss of mine
we remerbered that accidence vividly, as if it happened only yesterday.
She looked like she had had bad news
i wish (that)要是...就好了
与现在和过去事实相反的主观愿望
I wish that i didn't have to go to work today
I wish that i was bit taller
i wish i hadn't say that
用某些情态助动词的过去时形态,表示客气的请求和委婉的劝告
I wish you would listen your teacher's advice
i wish i could do something for you in return
How i wish he might lend him a hand
与hope对比
不表示假设意义,hope(that)随后的动词形式除了表示委婉口气之外,很少用过去式形态
I hope you are ready
i hope you're coming to our party
i hope you can do somthing to help her
we hope you will be very happy
情态助动词,半助动词
条件句
If i were you, i would not miss this opportunity
If he be found guility, he would be sent to prison
含蓄条件句
But for your help, i couldn;t have achieved anything
Anyone who should violate the law should be punished
Born in better times(If he had been born in better times), he would have done credit to the profession of letters
其它语境
That i should seen a college student arrested for the stealing!竟然should
Would that flood might never come again但愿这洪水永远不会再来
Oh that i could see him again =i wish that i could see him again
would that she could see her son again=If only she could see her son again
特殊动词形式,古英语
be型虚拟语气
were型虚拟语气
虚拟式动词形式
be型虚拟语气
表示命令,决定。建议等词之后的that分句中
子主题
用于decide,decree, demand, insist, move建议, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后的that分句中
He ordered that all the books be sent at once
We peopose somebody neutral take the chair
She insisted that she go to the south for the holiday
用在 decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirment, resolution等名词之后的that分句
The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston
We were faced the demand that this tax be abolished
用在advisable,approperiate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, proper等形容词之后的that分句
It is essential that all the books be sent again
It is necessary that he come back without delay
用于由于if,though等连词引导的分句中
推测,让步, 防备等含义
只能在if,though, whatever, lest, so long as.weather等引导的分句中使用
If he gound guilty, John shall have the right of appeal
If the rumour be true, everything will be posssible
在非正式语体中不一样
用于某些公式化语句中
祝愿,诅咒,禁止
Long live the PPC(People's public of China)
God bless you!
heaven forbid!
So be it!
Devil taker him!
were型虚拟语气
用于某些状语分句中
if,only, as if, as though, though
If i were you, ishould wait till next week
He spoke to me as if i were deaf
用于某些名词性分句中
wish, would rather, suppose, imagine+that(表示一种臆想,一般不可能发生)
I wish it were spring all year
I'd rather i wasn't at the site of the accidence
if i were you和as it were(宛如)只用were不用was
were i to do it =if i were to do it,i should rely on you
He is my best friend, my second self, as it were
现代英语中, 虚拟语气已经不是一个很重要的语法范畴, 有时甚至可以根据语义意图were可以用was 和is取代
BE-型虚拟式
WERE-型虚拟
浮动主题