The history of Britain

The history of Britain，整理的内容有The founding of the nation、Transition to the Modern Age、The Rise and Fall of the British Empire、Britain Since World War ll.

The history of Britain

• The founding of the nation
  • 55BC，the invasion of Julius Caesar
  • 55BC and 54BC，twice invaded by Roman troops led by Julius Caesar
  • 43AD invaded again by the Romans under Claudius I
  • 410，Germanic barbarians attacked Rome
    • • the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes landed
        • English raplaced the Celtic language
        • A mixed economy of farming, hunting and ankmal husbandry
        • Socal union was not determined by kinship,but rather by village
      • Late 7thcentury，Roman Christianity became the dominant religion in Britain.
  • 8-11th ,Vikings attacked English coast（shift of power）
    • • seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
    • • Danish
  • 1066-1154，Norman Conquest
    • the establishment of feudalism in England
      • William the Conqueror
    • the Duck of Normandy invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 1066
  • the House of Plantagent(the House of Anjou) 1154-1485
    • Henry ll，1154
      • improved the courts of justice
      • Introduced the jury system
      • institutionalized common law throughout the country
    • John,1199
      • sign the Magna Carta,June 15,1215
        • 63 clauses
        • it granted the townspeople freedom of trade
        • regarded as the foundation of British cinstitutionalism
        • lords: dissatisfied with John's leadership.
      • demanded more feudal taxes and army service
    • Herry lll,1216
      • exacted money from the English people
    • Provisions of Oxford, 1258
      • Simon de Montfort (leder)
      • limit the the King's power by regular meeting of a 15-member Privy Council
      • replaced by the Provision of West minster, 1259
    • waged a series of wars on Fance to regin Normandy
    • The Hundered Years' War, 1337-1453 England and France
      • In 1337,Edward Ill renewed his claim to the French throne and war broke out
      • the English had lost so many the territories
      • significant impact on English society
    • The Wars of the Roses
      • The House of York
      • The House of Lancaster
  • The House of Tudor,1485-1603
    • England become a national state with an efficient centralized government
    • started changing from medieval to a moder country
• Transition to the Modern Age
  • The Reformation
    • immediate cause:Henry Vill's attempt to divorce
    • 1534. Act of Supermacy
    • declared himself to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England
    • in essence a political movement
    • ending:Mary I executed by Queen Elizabeth I
    • Queen Elizabeth I ,1533-1603
  • The Clivil Wars
    • First, Royalists and Cavaliers, 1642
    • the end ,1651,Cromwell destroywd Charlesll's army
    • monarchy-commonwealth
    • 1660, Parliament decided to restore Charles I to the throne of England. put an end to the commonwealth
  • Restoration
    • Charles Il, April 23,1661
    • James II. 1685
    • Glorious Revolution
  • The Industrial Revolution,18th-middle of the 19th
    • Reason
      • huge market
      • raw materials from colonies
      • enormous wealth from clonies
      • the enclosure movement
    • Beginning
      • the txitile industry
      • a series of important inventions
    • Results
      • its industrual productivity increased
      • many new cities sprang up
      • the capitalist class became the most important force
• The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
  • Formation of Empire
    • Began with the colonization of Newfoundkand 1583
    • Queen Victoria,1837-1901
      • New Imperialism
      • Colonization
      • Industrialization railways trade commerce
  • World Wars l
    • Camps
      • Central Powers
      • Allies(winner)
    • Immediate cause
      • conflict on the Balkan Peninsula
    • Cost
      • Manpower exhaustion
      • lost the sea supremacy
      • huge national debt
      • Great Depression,1929-1933
  • World Wars ll
    • Cause
      • Treaty of Versailles
    • Policy
      • Appeasement policy
    • relations eased (us)
      • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, 1941
    • Cost
  • Fall
    • The colonies fought for independence.
    • Independent movement, 1960s
    • The British Empire was replaced by the commonwealth.
• Britain Since World War ll
  • Big Three
    • US
    • UK
      • the Majestic Circles
        • Attica,Asia, Canda, New Zealand, Australia
        • US
        • Western Europe
    • SU
  • closely with US
    • 1949 NATO
    • 1950,Koran War
    • Operation Desert Fox
    • Desert storm joint operations,1991
  • policy of isolation
    • Refuse to join EEC