Chapter 5 Education,Media and

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Chapter 5 Education,Media and Holidays

• Education
  • Education policy
    • History
      • Before 1870,only 40% of children under 10 went to school regularly.(voluntary,church)
      • After 1870,the government charged education (compulsory,all children,5 and 6)
      • 1960s,comprehensive school were introduced
      • The National Curriculum was introduced in 1988
    • The following subjects what all children must study today
      • Mathematics,English,science,geography,history,technology,music,arts,physical education and a foreign language
    • Assessment method
      • National tests
        • Schools are ranked by it
    • Four stages
      • Primary education(5)
      • Secondary education (6-11)
      • Further education
      • Higher education
  • Education System
    • Primary and Secondary Education
      • System
        • State system
          • State schools(93% of children)
        • Independent system
          • Independent schools(7% of children)
            • Private School
              • Eton and Winchester(英国著名的私立贵族学校）
            • Public School
      • Home Schooling
      • Boarding schools
        • A residential school where students live and study during the school year
          • Independent Boarding Schools
            • Such schools charge tuition and boarding fee
            • Open to student from all nationalities
          • State Boarding Schools
            • In such schools,the tuition fee is free,but boarding accommodation charges are being borne by the students.
            • Open to UK and European Economic area students
        • Type
          • Preparatory schools from 8-13 years
          • Girls public schools from 11-18 years
          • Boys and co-ed public schools from 13-18 years
          • Schools from 8-18 years
      • National Curriculum
      • GCSE（General Certificate of Secondary Education）
        • Award
          • Core science
            • subjected covered
              • Chemistry,biology,physics
            • Also known as single science
            • number of GCSE's attained 1
            • GCSE Science
          • Additional science
            • Also know as double science,Combined science
            • subject covered
              • Chemistry,biology,physics
            • number of GCSE's attained 2
            • GCSE Science,GCSE Additional Science
          • Triple Science
            • Also know as separate science
            • subject covered
              • Chemistry,biology,physics
            • number of GCSE's attained 3
            • GCSE Chemistry,GCSE Biology,GCSE Physics
    • Higher Education Institutions
      • types
        • University(autonomy,degree granting rights,course design)
          • Authorized by a royal charter
        • University college(autonomy,degree granting rights)
          • Authorized by publicly designated
        • College of Higher Education(autonomy)
          • Authorized by publicly designated
        • Specialist Higher Education College(offer general &vocational courses)
          • Specialist Agricultural Colleges
          • Creative and Performing Arts Colleges
      • Undergraduate
        • A-level results
        • school references
        • an interview
      • British University's money origin
        • Central Government Grants
        • Tuition Fees
        • Donations
        • Corporate Contributions
      • Academic year
        • Oxford
          • Michaelmas 米迦勒学期(October-December)
          • Hilary 希拉里学期（January-March)
          • Trinity 圣三一学期(April-June)
        • Edinburgh/Glasgow
          • Semester One (September-December)
          • Semester Two (January-April/May)
      • Degrees offered
        • Higher National Diploma 高级文凭
        • Bachelor's Degree 学士学位
        • Master's Degree 硕士学位
        • Doctor's Degree 博士文凭
    • Other Education Institutions
      • Open University
        • No requirement for any formal education qualifications
        • Various forms of learning
        • To serve the public
  • Famous University
    • Oxford University
    • Cambrige University
• Media
  • type
    • Newspapers
      • Quality Press
        • Broadsheets,printed on large-size paper(format)
        • Topic of particular political and social importance;high culture
        • style:serious;in-depth
        • reader well-educated,middle-class
        • example
          • The Times
            • first published in1785,is one of Britain's oldest daily newspaper
          • The Guardian
          • The Daily Telegraph
          • The observer
            • first appeared in 1791,is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper
      • Tabloids
        • smaller;with color photos and cathy headline(format）
        • Topic of scandals and gossip about famous people
        • style:short,easy to read and rely on opinion
        • reader the common people
        • example
          • The Sun on Sunday
    • Television and Broadcast
      • The British Broadcasting Corporation(BBC)
        • Headquarter
          • Greater London borough of Westminster
        • development
          • 1922,first daily radio broadcast
          • 1936,first TV broadcast
        • "Beeb"
        • Well-known brand programs
          • documentaries
          • costume dramas
            • the "BBC Shakespeare" series
            • Adaptation of novels
        • feature
          • No commercial
            • Not allowed-It's the only royal-chartered broadcasting company in UK(public-owned)
          • Revenue
            • TV Licensing(In UK every citizen has to pay to watch TV channels.If not they might face court time.)
        • Types
          • Two terrestrial television channels
            • BBC2: programs of above-average intellectual and cultural interest
            • BBC Four,BBC News,CBBC,BBC Three(online)
          • A 24-hour news service
          • A channel devoted to live proceedings of Parliament
          • BBC Radio:a comprehensive external service,broadcasting around the world in 40+languages,24-7.
      • Commercial Television Companies
        • The ITV network
          • Biggest commercial broadcasting company
          • 6 free channels
        • Channel Four
          • public service broadcaster
          • With commercial
  • works
    • shape the public opinion
    • influence people's moral&political orientation
    • undermines/consolidates the government 's rule
• Holiday&Festivals
  • Holiday types
    • Bank holiday(A public holiday,on which most shops and business close for the day.8 Bank holiday[England +Wales])
      • New Year's Day
      • Good Friday(耶稣受难日）2nd Friday April
      • Easter Monday(复活节周一）2nd Monday April
      • Early May bank holiday(五朔节）2nd Friday in May
      • Spring bank holiday(春季银行假日）Last Monday in May
      • Summer bank holiday（夏季银行假日）Last Monday in Aug
      • Christmas Day 25th December
      • Boxing Day(节礼日）26th December
      • 8 May
        • Monday
          • Bank holiday for the coronation of King Charles III
  • Festivals
    • Christian Festivals
      • Christmas 圣诞节
      • Valentine's Day 情人节
      • Good Friday 耶稣受难日
        • Time
          • The Friday before Easter
        • Eat
          • Hot Cross Buns
      • Easter 复活节
        • When
          • the first Sunday following the full moon after the spring equinox(春分）
        • Why
          • The resurrection of Jesus Christ
      • Halloween 万圣节
    • Cultural festivals
      • April Fool's Day 愚人节
      • May Day 五朔节
        • Time
          • May 1st
      • Trooping the Color 皇家军队阅兵
      • Notting Hill Carnival 诺丁山狂欢节
      • Bonfire Night 焰火节