专四虚拟语气

关于专四虚拟语气的思维导图，内容有if引导的虚拟语气、其他形式虚拟，希望这份脑图会对你有所帮助。

虚拟语气

• if引导的虚拟语气
  • 一般：表格
  • 特殊：省略if的虚拟倒装
    • 当从句中含有助动词had, should, were时，可将if省去，把were,had 或 should提前，引起倒装。
      • had+主语（not）done
        • e.g. Had it not been for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.
      • should+主语+do
      • were+主语+to do
    • 含蓄虚拟
      • 用介词或介词短语代替 if 引导的虚拟从句，要根据从句所用的时态，来选择主句的谓语形式。
        • without没有
          • e.g. Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.（表现在）
        • but for要不是
          • e.g. But for their help, we could not have finished the work on time.（句意表达的是与过去的事实相反，故主句用“情态动词+have done”）
        • in the absence of 如果没有
        • were it not for 要是没有
        • but that 若不是
          • e.g. But that she helps, I should fail.
    • 错综（混合）虚拟
      • 主从句表示的动作发生在不同的时间，所以主从句的谓动要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式
        • e.g. If they had invited me, I would go with them now.
• 其他形式虚拟
  • 宾从中的虚拟
    • 1.wish / wished
      • 过去式(were)，与现在事实相反
      • would/could +do, 与将来事实相反
      • had done, 与过去的事实相反
    • 2.would rather='d rather (would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer)
      • 过去式（were），与现在或将来事实相反
      • had done，与过去事实相反
    • 3.had hoped（表示过去未实现的愿望）
      • would+do
    • 4.用表示建议、命令或要求等动词后的宾从
      • （should）+do / be done
  • 主从中的虚拟
    • 4.常用结构: It is+adj/n/v-ed+that从句
  • 表从和同位从中的虚拟
    • 4.在表示建议、命令、要求或愿望等名词后的表从或同位从
  • 状从中的虚拟
    • 5.as if/though（用法同wish）
    • 6. lest，in case，for fear that 以防，以免，万一
      • +主语+should do
  • 感叹句中的虚拟
    • 7.if only（用法同wish）
  • 其他句型中的虚拟
    • 8.It is (high/about) time 该干...的时候了
      • +that+主+did
    • 9.跳层虚拟
      • 真实——过去式/ must have done 虚拟——would/could+have done
        • 真实，otherwise / or+虚拟
          • e.g. ① I didn't know your telephone number, or I would have called you. ② He must have had a car accident , or he would have arrived here earlier.
        • 虚拟，but+真实
          • e.g. He would have finished his college education, but he had to quit and find a job...
• 对比
  • It is/was the first/second time that+主+has done/had done
• suggest 和 insist
  • suggest
    • 建议
      • 从句用虚拟语气
    • 暗示，表明
      • 从句用陈述语气
        • e.g.All these facts suggest that he is an honest man.
  • insist
    • 坚持要求
      • 从句用虚拟
        • e.g. He insisted that he should come with us.
    • 坚持认为，坚持说
      • 从句用陈述语气
        • e.g. He insistd that he did not betray his friend.
• in case
  • 虚拟语气
  • 陈述语气
    • e.g. In case he comes, let me know.
• 名从中的虚拟（用表示建议、命令或要求等词引导）
  • that+(should) do/ be done
    • suggest/-ed/-ion，propose/-d/-sal， move/motion，advise/-ce/-able
    • order/-ed
    • ask/-ed，request/-ed，require/-d/-ment，desire/-d/-rable，demand/-ed
    • recommend/-ed/-ation，commend/-ed
    • decide/-sion，determine
    • insist/-ed/-ent/-ence
    • urge/-ent，direct/-ed，instruction
    • prefer/-ence
    • important，vital，essential，necessary，fundamental，imperative，proper，appropriate
• would rather
  • +句子
  • +动词
    • would rather do/ not do