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History
英国历史英文版，内容有： The Founding of the Nation Transition to the Modern Age The Rise and Fall of the British Empire Britain Since World War II
编辑于2023-05-27 19:05:05 广东- 相似推荐
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History
The Founding of the Nation
55BC: Julius Caesar＋Roman troops invaded Britain Recorded history in Britain began
55BC－54BC: 2 invaded by Roman Troops Julius Caesar
43AD: invaded by Romans under Claudius I
Britain became a Roman province until the 5th century
the native Celts was driven to Scotland&Wales
410: Germanic barbarians attacked Roman
forced all Roman troops to leave Britain, ended the Roman occupation of Britain
Angles, Saxons and Jutes landed in
English replace old Celtic as dominant language
597: St.Augustine ＋40 missionaries converted Anglo-Saxons to Roman Christianity
the late 7th century: Roman Christianity became dominant religion in Britain
the 8th century, the Vikings attacked the English coast
878: agreement between King Alfred and Danish King
1066: 12/25, Duke William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
Norman Conquest of England marked the establishment of feudalism in England
William I in England/William the Conqueror
1154: Henry II ascended the throne, began the House of Anjou/Plantagenet
a large empire:England & ＞1/2France
reform of courts and laws
1199: John ascended the throne
demanded feudal taxes & army service France
on June 15,1215: the Magna Carta/ Great Charter
1285: the Provisions of Oxford
1259:the Provisions of Westminster（reformed common law）
Simon de Montfort
1337-1453:The Hundred Years' War（England & France）
promoted English nationalism
developed textile industry
raised position of bourgeois class
1455-1485: The Wars of the Roses
the House of York（white rose）－Lancaster（red）
the House of Lancaster won ▲, leader Henry Tudor became Henry VII started the rule of the House of Tudor
England became a national state
Under theTudors, change from a medieval to a modern country
Transition to the Modern Age
The Reformation
conflict between Roman Catholic Church and the King people resentment to the power of Pope and church
immediate cause: King Henry VIII's attempt to divorce his first wife
1534: Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England
bloody religious persecution came to stop: the church settlement executed by Queen Elizabeth I
defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence
The Civil Wars
1629:King Charles I dissolved Parliament
1642: the first Civil War broke out
①Royalists（Cavaliers保王党人） ②Parliamentarians（Roundheads圆颅党人） leader Oliver Cromwell
1646: Charles I surrendered, ended the first Civil War
1649: Charles I was executed/condemn to death
1651:Cromwell destroyed Charles II' s army marked the end of the Civil Wars.
monarchy was abolished, declared a commonwealth,as a republic
1660:Parliament decided to restore Charles II →put the end to the Commonwealth
Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
1661: Charles II was crowned, tried to restore old social order
1685,James II succeeded,reestablish Catholicism（bourgeoisie not agree）
1689: the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary joint sovereigns Parliament passed the Bill of Rights limit monarchy, guarantee the authority of Parliament
From this time,the King authority was restricted by Parliament
the Industrial Revolution
began: the 18th century
begain in the textile industry
accomplished: the middle of the 19th century
Britain became the most advanced industrial country mass urbanization capitalist class ↹ proletariat
The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
Formation of the Empire
First British Empire began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583
Second British Empire: the Victorian Age （1837-1901）
further industrialization, building of railways, growth of trade and commerce
1870s, the New Imperialism
the end of 19th century, the British Empire included about 1/4 global population and world 's landmass
1876, Victoria took the title “Empress of India” and India became her “jewel in the Crown”
1842, force Qing Government to sign the Treaty of Nanking
dominions of the British Empire: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa
Britain in the World Wars
on June 28, 1914: World War I
the Central Powers the Allies（Great Britain）won▲
1919:the Treaty of Versailles
Britain lost the sea supremacy
on September 1,1939, Word War II
British lead by Neville Chamberlain followed a policy of appeasement
on May 7,1945, Germany surrendered
Britain lost the naval supremacy forever to the US
The Fall of the Empire
reason:World War II
most Britain's colonies fought for independence
1960s, an independence movement swept the entire British Empire
the Empire replaced by the British Commonwealth of Nations （loosely organized）
Britain Since World War II
foreign policy: “Three Majestic Circles”
1.the Commonwealth circle
2.the US
3.Western Europe
cooperated closely with the US
allied in World Wars
shared same concerns to Soviet Union
1949,joined the NATO
1950,joined the Korean War
1956, Britain withdraw Egypt, marked the end of British influence in the Middle East, the US took its place
1960s, emphasis on the trade with European nations
Mrs. Margaret Thatcher reestablished the special relationship with the US
Thatcher promised“Britain and America stand side byside”
not always friendly
1991, Iraqis “Operation Desert Storm”
Thatcher resisted European integration doubtful of the EEC（1957）
minimize Britain's contribution to Community
not trusted by the Europeans.
1997, Tony Blair→PM
positive policy to Europe
refused single European currency（in January,1999）
in Decem,1998, Operation Desert Fox,against Iraq
opposed by most European countries
History
The Founding of the Nation
55BC: Julius Caesar＋Roman troops invaded Britain Recorded history in Britain began
55BC－54BC: 2 invaded by Roman Troops Julius Caesar
43AD: invaded by Romans under Claudius I
Britain became a Roman province until the 5th century
the native Celts was driven to Scotland&Wales
410: Germanic barbarians attacked Roman
forced all Roman troops to leave Britain, ended the Roman occupation of Britain
Angles, Saxons and Jutes landed in
English replace old Celtic as dominant language
597: St.Augustine ＋40 missionaries converted Anglo-Saxons to Roman Christianity
the late 7th century: Roman Christianity became dominant religion in Britain
the 8th century, the Vikings attacked the English coast
878: agreement between King Alfred and Danish King
1066: 12/25, Duke William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
Norman Conquest of England marked the establishment of feudalism in England
William I in England/William the Conqueror
1154: Henry II ascended the throne, began the House of Anjou/Plantagenet
a large empire:England & ＞1/2France
reform of courts and laws
1199: John ascended the throne
demanded feudal taxes & army service France
on June 15,1215: the Magna Carta/ Great Charter
1285: the Provisions of Oxford
1259:the Provisions of Westminster（reformed common law）
Simon de Montfort
1337-1453:The Hundred Years' War（England & France）
promoted English nationalism
developed textile industry
raised position of bourgeois class
1455-1485: The Wars of the Roses
the House of York（white rose）－Lancaster（red）
the House of Lancaster won ▲, leader Henry Tudor became Henry VII started the rule of the House of Tudor
England became a national state
Under theTudors, change from a medieval to a modern country
Transition to the Modern Age
The Reformation
conflict between Roman Catholic Church and the King people resentment to the power of Pope and church
immediate cause: King Henry VIII's attempt to divorce his first wife
1534: Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England
bloody religious persecution came to stop: the church settlement executed by Queen Elizabeth I
defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence
The Civil Wars
1629:King Charles I dissolved Parliament
1642: the first Civil War broke out
①Royalists（Cavaliers保王党人） ②Parliamentarians（Roundheads圆颅党人） leader Oliver Cromwell
1646: Charles I surrendered, ended the first Civil War
1649: Charles I was executed/condemn to death
1651:Cromwell destroyed Charles II' s army marked the end of the Civil Wars.
monarchy was abolished, declared a commonwealth,as a republic
1660:Parliament decided to restore Charles II →put the end to the Commonwealth
Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
1661: Charles II was crowned, tried to restore old social order
1685,James II succeeded,reestablish Catholicism（bourgeoisie not agree）
1689: the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary joint sovereigns Parliament passed the Bill of Rights limit monarchy, guarantee the authority of Parliament
From this time,the King authority was restricted by Parliament
the Industrial Revolution
began: the 18th century
begain in the textile industry
accomplished: the middle of the 19th century
Britain became the most advanced industrial country mass urbanization capitalist class ↹ proletariat
The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
Formation of the Empire
First British Empire began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583
Second British Empire: the Victorian Age （1837-1901）
further industrialization, building of railways, growth of trade and commerce
1870s, the New Imperialism
the end of 19th century, the British Empire included about 1/4 global population and world 's landmass
1876, Victoria took the title “Empress of India” and India became her “jewel in the Crown”
1842, force Qing Government to sign the Treaty of Nanking
dominions of the British Empire: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa
Britain in the World Wars
on June 28, 1914: World War I
the Central Powers the Allies（Great Britain）won▲
1919:the Treaty of Versailles
Britain lost the sea supremacy
on September 1,1939, Word War II
British lead by Neville Chamberlain followed a policy of appeasement
on May 7,1945, Germany surrendered
Britain lost the naval supremacy forever to the US
The Fall of the Empire
reason:World War II
most Britain's colonies fought for independence
1960s, an independence movement swept the entire British Empire
the Empire replaced by the British Commonwealth of Nations （loosely organized）
Britain Since World War II
foreign policy: “Three Majestic Circles”
1.the Commonwealth circle
2.the US
3.Western Europe
cooperated closely with the US
allied in World Wars
shared same concerns to Soviet Union
1949,joined the NATO
1950,joined the Korean War
1956, Britain withdraw Egypt, marked the end of British influence in the Middle East, the US took its place
1960s, emphasis on the trade with European nations
Mrs. Margaret Thatcher reestablished the special relationship with the US
Thatcher promised“Britain and America stand side byside”
not always friendly
1991, Iraqis “Operation Desert Storm”
Thatcher resisted European integration doubtful of the EEC（1957）
minimize Britain's contribution to Community
not trusted by the Europeans.
1997, Tony Blair→PM
positive policy to Europe
refused single European currency（in January,1999）
in Decem,1998, Operation Desert Fox,against Iraq
opposed by most European countries