导图社区 GRE 阅读-功能线-1
GRE 阅读——双线阅读法思维导图,其功能线(判断句子功能)内容有视角判断、句间关系、全文结构,欢迎大家学习。
编辑于2023-08-13 09:56:37 河南GRE 阅读——双线阅读法
一、功能线(判断句子功能)
(一)视角判断
1、观点-引用
(1)他人+v
认为:believe;state;contend;claim;maintain;hold;suggest
总结:conclude;imply;argue;assume;suppose;write;theorize
推测:hypothesis;posit;postlate;speculate;allege;purport
共识:concur(100 个人的观点依然是观点,而非事实)
(2)被动
以上词语被动语态
(3)名词化
以上词语名词化形式
(4) 认为+xx+as
regard/label/characterize as
2、观点-作者
(1)评价词
有感情色彩的词
(2)未标注视角的质疑
(3)无标志
结合后文,句间关系理解
(4)tips
可能:seems that;possible that;likely that
推理:indicate/ implies/ suggest/ means/ follows that
3、事实-描述
(1)发现
discover;find;observe;see;note;notice
(2)知道
know;realize;recognize
(3)证实
prove;demostrate;show;reveal
(二)句间关系
1、转折
(1)标志词
but;yet;however;nonetheless;nevertheless;though
(2)总结
分 类
形 式
注 意
选 项 词 总 结
①质疑
引用观点+让步+质疑
引用观点
challenge;refute;question;weaken;qualify;undermine; call into question;run contrary to;cast doubt on a view。
②转回
主线+让步+转回主线
视角不变
③怪事
前、后事实,同时出现
事 实
present a paradox;unexpected phenomenon;surprise; anomaly;puzzle(will be adresessed/explain by following)后文解释
④转向
改变文章讨论重心
按比重判断
后文转换讨论话题 turn the topic that will be further explored in the following passage
2、让步
(1)标志词
句内
although;though;even though/if/as; despite;in spite of; while;whereas
句间
『当 然』 it is true that;True;Of course;Certainty;Surely; 『不否认』it is not to deny that; Admittedly; 『承 认』sb admit/acknowledge/accept/concede
(2)总结
分 类
注意
分 类
选 项 词 总 结
①妥协
观点
承认对立面
concede the validity of opposing viewpoint
限制己方观点
qualify the possible misunderstanding
防止可能误解
prevent a possible misunderstanding
处理不利证据
②辅助 怪事
事实
体现怪事“怪”
explain why the following fact is surprising
怪事“对立面”
3、顺承
推论
(1)标志词
观点--引用
观点--tips
推理动词
sth indicates;implies;suggests;means;follows that
(2)选项词
state a 1)view;belief;argument;assertion;claim;statement; 2)contention;position;point;perspective;interpretation; 3)understanding;conjecture;speculation;implication;significance。
state a implication that explains a discovery/predicts the consequence(顺带讲了因果)
展开
(1)标志词
①视角无变化:according to the previous/Accordingly ②例子:for example/instance/evidence that ③易混词:rather;instead;indeed ④无标志词和逻辑标志词
(2)选项词
①provide evidence/example/reasoning/information that support a view; ②emphasize/support illustrate/elaborate/endorse a view; ③state the premise of a conclusion。
4、展开
单主体比较:to emphasize the uniqueness of A/B;to illustrate A/B
双主体比较:to elaborate the differences/similaritys between A and B
(三)全文结构
二、信息线(逻辑预判下文)
GRE 阅读——双线阅读法
一、功能线(判断句子功能)
(一)视角判断
1、观点-引用
(1)他人+v
认为:believe;state;contend;claim;maintain;hold;suggest
总结:conclude;imply;argue;assume;suppose;write;theorize
推测:hypothesis;posit;postlate;speculate;allege;purport
共识:concur(100 个人的观点依然是观点,而非事实)
(2)被动
以上词语被动语态
(3)名词化
以上词语名词化形式
(4) 认为+xx+as
regard/label/characterize as
2、观点-作者
(1)评价词
有感情色彩的词
(2)未标注视角的质疑
(3)无标志
结合后文,句间关系理解
(4)tips
可能:seems that;possible that;likely that
推理:indicate/ implies/ suggest/ means/ follows that
3、事实-描述
(1)发现
discover;find;observe;see;note;notice
(2)知道
know;realize;recognize
(3)证实
prove;demostrate;show;reveal
(二)句间关系
1、转折
(1)标志词
but;yet;however;nonetheless;nevertheless;though
(2)总结
分 类
形 式
注 意
选 项 词 总 结
①质疑
引用观点+让步+质疑
引用观点
challenge;refute;question;weaken;qualify;undermine; call into question;run contrary to;cast doubt on a view。
②转回
主线+让步+转回主线
视角不变
③怪事
前、后事实,同时出现
事 实
present a paradox;unexpected phenomenon;surprise; anomaly;puzzle(will be adresessed/explain by following)后文解释
④转向
改变文章讨论重心
按比重判断
后文转换讨论话题 turn the topic that will be further explored in the following passage
2、让步
(1)标志词
句内
although;though;even though/if/as; despite;in spite of; while;whereas
句间
『当 然』 it is true that;True;Of course;Certainty;Surely; 『不否认』it is not to deny that; Admittedly; 『承 认』sb admit/acknowledge/accept/concede
(2)总结
分 类
注意
分 类
选 项 词 总 结
①妥协
观点
承认对立面
concede the validity of opposing viewpoint
限制己方观点
qualify the possible misunderstanding
防止可能误解
prevent a possible misunderstanding
处理不利证据
②辅助 怪事
事实
体现怪事“怪”
explain why the following fact is surprising
怪事“对立面”
3、顺承
推论
(1)标志词
观点--引用
观点--tips
推理动词
sth indicates;implies;suggests;means;follows that
(2)选项词
state a 1)view;belief;argument;assertion;claim;statement; 2)contention;position;point;perspective;interpretation; 3)understanding;conjecture;speculation;implication;significance。
state a implication that explains a discovery/predicts the consequence(顺带讲了因果)
展开
(1)标志词
①视角无变化:according to the previous/Accordingly ②例子:for example/instance/evidence that ③易混词:rather;instead;indeed ④无标志词和逻辑标志词
(2)选项词
①provide evidence/example/reasoning/information that support a view; ②emphasize/support illustrate/elaborate/endorse a view; ③state the premise of a conclusion。
4、展开
单主体比较:to emphasize the uniqueness of A/B;to illustrate A/B
双主体比较:to elaborate the differences/similaritys between A and B
(三)全文结构
二、信息线(逻辑预判下文)