名词性从句

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名词性从句

• 主语从句
  • that/whether
    • that引导的主语从句时没有具体含义，可改由it作形式主语的句子
    • whether引导主语从句时不能用if取代
  • wh-+主语+谓语
    • 连接代词who、whom、what、whoever、which等，再从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
    • 连接副词when、where、how、why、whenever、whomever、however在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语
      • eg.why they suddenly disappear still remains a mystery. why作原因状语，即使去掉why从句结构依然完整
  • it作形式主语的主语从句
    • it+be+表语+that
    • it+be+n./过去分词+that
    • it+特殊动词+that（seem、appear、happen、matter、turn/work out、hit/strike/occur to、make a/no difference）
      • It happened that I had been away when he callexd
      • It seems that they will win the game.
• 宾语从句
  • 主语+及物动词/“动词+副词”+宾语从句
    • 并列的两个或多个that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省
      • He said (that) the film was excellent and that he wanted to see it once again.
    • 常见并与从句动词see/know/tell/show/think/consider/find out/point out/make sure
      • If you want to know how it works,read the instructions.
      • Can you figure out what the poem means?
  • 主语+谓语+介词+宾语从句
    • 介词可接wh-且介词后的whether不可用if替代
      • Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
    • 介词except/but（除了）后可接that引导的宾语从句
      • We know nothing about him except that he is a doctor.
  • 主语+谓语+if/whether 从句
    • 介词后的宾语从句用whether不用if
    • 主语+谓语+whether or not/whether to do
    • 主语+doubt+whether/if 主语+don't doubt+that
      • I don't doubt that he is equal to the job.
  • 主语+系动词+形容词+宾语从句
    • He is ashamed that he was rude.
  • it作形式宾语
    • I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
• 表语从句
  • 表语从句不可用if且that不可省略
  • 主语+系动词+that/whether引导的表语从句
    • 连接代词（what、whatever、which、whichever等）作主语、宾语、表语、定语
      • This place isn't what it used to be.
    • 连接副词（when、where、how、why、however）在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语
      • That was where we camped last time.
  • The reason why......be that...... This/That is why...... This/That is because......
  • 主语+be\seem\look\appear\sound\taste\feel+as if/though+表语从句
    • It sounds as if you are from Beijing
• 同为语从句
  • 引导词常用 从属连词：that\whether 连接代词：who\what 连接副词：why\when\where等
  • （...+）名词+that\whether+同位语从句
    • that引导同位语从句时无实意，但不省略
    • whether在从句中不充当任何成分，但表示“是否”之意，且不可替换为if
      • The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.
  • (...+)名词+wh-类连接词\how+同位语从句
    • 连接代词在同位语从句中充当一定成分，如主语、宾语、表语和定语等，并且有一定意义。连接副词在同位语从句中可充当状语。
      • The question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.
      • I have no idea how he solved the problem.
• 与从句同位的名词通常是表事实的抽象名词：belief\hope\news\advice\idea\order\doubt\fact\possibility\wish\promise\thought