导图社区 英语复合句（从句）知识点总结
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英语复合句（从句）知识点总结
此思维导图主要学习英语复合句，尤其是学习和总结英语从句。
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复合句
并列句
有并列连词：and、or、but连接
复杂句
主句
用疑问词作引导词，是全句的主体，可独立存在
从句
不能独立存在，须由一个关联词引导
主语从句
充当主语成分的句子，主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
从属连词：that whether
连接代词：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
连接副词：when where how why whenever wherever however
时态
主句谓语动词是现在或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。
主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。
从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后，从句用过去将来时。
从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前，从句用过去完成时。
从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语，仍用过去时。
常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句
It is strange that you should like him.
而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
It is the times that produce their heroes.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前
It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前
It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前
表语从句
起表语作用的从句
引导词：that,whether,who,what,whatever
虚拟语气
主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词
My suggestion is that we (should)go and help him.
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句
引导词：that,whether,who,what,whatever
用陈述语序
引导陈述意义的 句子用that，无实际意义，口语中可以省略
表示“是否”的 意义时用whether或if （当句中有or是只能用whether而不用if）
引导特殊疑问句意义的句子时用特殊疑问词who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, 或how.
时态
主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用相应的时态
主句的谓语是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要用相应的过去时态
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
I don't suppose you're used to this diet
定语从句
【定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句】，在句中作定语，修饰名词、名词词组或者代词
先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词
引导词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词
关系代词
who,作主语、宾语
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
whom，作宾语
He is the man（whom）I saw in the park yesterday.
whose
指人或物，只能用作定语, 若指物，可同of which互换
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）
that
指物、人；作主语、宾语、表语、定语
Who is the man thatis reading a magazine under the tree?（指人，作主语。）
which
作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
非限制性定语从句中用which作引导词，不用that
修饰整个主句：I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
修饰谓语部分：He can swim in the river, which I cannot.
介词+ which:They are all questions to which there are no answers.
只能用that作引导词，不能用which作引导词
1.先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little，much,few,any等不定代词时。
All (that) she lacked was training.
2.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
They talked about the teachers and the schools thatthey had visited.
3.先行词被序数词和the last，数词、形容词或最高级修饰时
4.先行词中既有人又有物时
5.主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
6.关系代词在从句中作表语时
He is not the man that he used to be.
7.先行词为 the only, the very, the just时
只用which，不用that
非限定性定语从句中
先行词本身是that
介词前置时，先行词后有介词时
those +复数名词之后，多用which
先行词为anyone，one，ones等指人时
先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时
多用who，不用that的情况
as
作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中
when, where,why=介词+ which
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
关系副词
when, where, why，关系副词=介词+关系代词
判断关系代词与关系副词
及物动词后面无宾语，用关系代词。
This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词。
修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词
I don't like the way (不用引导词.that, in which) he eyed me.
限定性定语从句
对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，不能被省略
that=介词（in，on，for，at）+which
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
关系代词作宾语时，可省略
Is there anything (that) you wanted?
非限定性定语从句
起补充说明作用，可省略，前面有逗号隔开
主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
as作关系代词
As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
关系副词不做主语
定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词
前置定语
单词
定语前置
次序为：限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语
限定词；外观；形状；年龄；身体特征、情感和性格特征，颜色；国籍；材料；用途
后置定语
短语和从句
定语后置
形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子
定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
状语从句
指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。可修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子
时间状语从句
when, as, while, before, after, since， not...until，until/till
when，as, while, before, after, since, not...until，until/till
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
主句是将来时的时候，从句主要用一般现在时。
表示自过去的一个起始时间点到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
地点状语从句
where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
原因状语从句
because, since, as,seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
目的状语从句
so that, in order that，lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
结果状语从句
so … that, such … that, so that...，such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that
条件状语从句
if, unless,whether(whether...or not)，as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）, on condition that
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
主句为情态动词作为谓语时，从句要用一般现在时。
主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现
虚拟语气
1.与现在事实相反 主句过去将来时，从句过去时 可记为 if did , would do
2.与过去事实相反 主句过去将来完成时，从句过去完成时 if had done , would have done
3.与将来事实相反 主句过去将来时，从句过去将来时 if should do ,would do 或 if were to do ,would do 或 if did , would do 详见虚拟语气词条。
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
比较状语从句
as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)，the more … the more …（越来...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比较级 ,the 比较级.
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
方式状语从句
as, as if，the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
状语从句的省略
①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
"简化"现象
状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
状语
一般状语
位于主语、谓语之间，起修饰、限制谓语中心词的作用，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状语
句首状语
在表示时间、处所、目的的名词、介词结构做状语时,可以把状语放在主语的前边
由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当
同位语从句
跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面
I had no idea thatyou were here.
一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语
在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。