省略句

英语中有许多特殊句式，省略句就是其中的一种。如何理解省略句，看懂省略句，对于很多人来说却是一个难题。本图以句子成分为中心，总结了常见的省略句结构和句型，希望对大家有所帮助。

省略句

• 复合句
  • 并列复合句
    • 省略相同的主语
      • Eg: The car was quite old but (it) was in excellent condition.
    • 省略相同的谓语动词(包括助动词、不定式等)
      • Eg
        • Reading makes a full man; conference (makes) a ready man; writing (makes) an exact man.
        • Gradually I became familiar with them and they (became familiar) with me.
    • 省略动词宾语和介词宾语
      • Eg
        • Let's do the dishes. I'll wash (the dishes) and you dry (the dishes).
        • We have to analyze (problems) and solve problems.
    • 省略定语
      • Eg: A group of young boys and (young) girls are dancing on the meadow below the hill.
    • 省略状语
      • Eg: He was not hurt. (How) strange?
    • 省略多种句子成分
      • Eg
        • We tried to help her but (we tired) in vain.
        • Kate is easy in conversation and (she is) graceful in manner.
  • 从属复合句
    • 定语从句
      • • 关系代词的省略
          • • 当who(m), which或that在从句中作动词宾语时
              • Eg: The actress (whom/who/that) he admired so much died last week.
            • 当who(m), which或that在从句中作位于句末的介词宾语时
              • Eg: This is the person (whom/that/who) you are looking for.
        • that在定语从句中作表语时
          • Eg: He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.
        • the same... as... 引导的定语从句的部分内容可以省略
          • Eg: I have the same troubles as you (have).
    • 状语从句
      • 在时间、地点、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语相同，且从句中的动词为be动词，则把从句中的主语和be一同省略。
        • Eg
          • Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
          • He was fond of swimming when (he was) yet a child.
          • Avoid structure of this kind where (it is possible).
      • whatever和however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词
        • Eg
          • She pledged to compete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (was).
          • I refuse, however favorable the conditions (are).
      • 在条件状语从句中，如果从句中含有“It + be + adj.”结构，将it和be省略；如果从句中的动词为“助动词 + v-ed分词”，则将主语和助动词一同省略。
        • Eg: If (it is) necessary I'll have the paper copied.
      • 由than或as引导的比较状语从句，在意义明确的情况下，可以省略than或as后面的相应部分。
        • • 省略作主语的what
            • Eg: They have got more than (what) is necessary.
          • 省略谓语动词
            • Eg: He has lived here longer than I (have lived).
          • 省略主语和谓语或部分谓语
            • Eg: It was not so hot yesterday as (it is) today.
    • 名词性从句
      • wh-从句的省略
        • Eg
          • He came to see me once, but I don't remember when ( he came to see me).
          • Somebody has taken away my dictionary by mistake, but I don't know who (has taken it).
          • You were late again, and I hope you will explain why (you were late).
      • that的省略
        • 当that引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句，that只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当从句中的任何成分; 引导宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不能省略。
        • Eg
          • That she was chosen made us happy. (主语从句)
          • She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. (宾语从句)
          • The problem is that we cant get there ealy enough. (表语从句)
          • I have the belief that I will secceed. (同位语从句)
• 省略的一些特殊用途
  • 用于成语、谚语及一些固定说法
    • Eg
      • More haste, less speed.
      • An idle youth, a needy age.
      • Better late than never.
      • No pains, no gains.
  • 用于电报、广告、公共揭式用语、笔记、摘要、日记、报纸标题及一些固定表达
    • Eg
      • Wanted: a typist. (广告)
      • Keep off the Grass. (警示语)
  • 口语中常见的省略句型
    • Eg
      • Thanks! (= I thank you very much!)
      • Not at all! (= You needn't thank me at all.)
      • Sorry. (= I'm sorry.)
      • Never mind. (= You never mind.)
      • Enough! (= Thant's enough.)
      • See you later. (= I shall see you later.)
• 简单句
  • 省略主语
    • 省略主语通常在祈使句或口语的固定表达中
    • Eg
      • (You) sit down, please.
      • (There) Must be somebody wants to see you.
  • 省略谓语或部分谓语
    • Eg
      • Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) slightly.
      • We'll do the best we can (do).
  • 助动词的省略
    • Eg
      • You (had) better try again.
      • You (are) doing this on purpose?
  • 连系动词的省略
    • • 报纸标题中
        • Eg: Johnson (is) ready for Tokyo meet.
      • 文学题材中
        • Eg: She (was) in tears. He (was) gloomy and down-looking.
      • 其它
        • Eg
          • Everybody (is) gone?
          • where (are) you from?
          • 口语
  • 省略部分主语和谓语
    • Eg
      • (Do you) Understand?
      • (Come) This way, please.
      • (I am) Afraid I can't come.
  • 表语的省略
    • Eg
      • - Are you Mr. Smith? - Yes, I am (Mr. Smith).
      • - He’s a real man. - Who is (a real man)?
  • 同时省略多种句子成分
    • Eg
      • Diana likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties.
      • In some places we stopped in a house at night, in other places (we stopped) in tents (at night).