导图社区 英语语法全景导图
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英语语法全景导图
自制英语考编全景图分享！下图介绍了英语名词、谓语动词、代词、副词、介词和三大从句等英语基础知识要点的用法。本图适合所有学英语的小伙伴们。
编辑于2020-05-12 14:01:02- 相似推荐
- 大纲
英语语法全景导图 【语意】
名词
什么地方用
主语一定是名词
That LiHui teaches English is true.
宾语一定是名词
I want some food
表语可以是名词
LiHui is a teacher.
LiHui is handsome。
LiHui is in Beijing。
介词+名词
介词后面的动词都要写成动名词.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
子主题
限定词+名词
冠词(a,an,the)+名词
形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)+名词
指示代词(this,that,these,those)+名词
(形容词/介词短语/定从/非谓语/)修饰名词
A handsome teacher
The teacher in the office
The teacher who teaches English。
The teacher teaching English
名词考什么
可数不可数，单复数
可数：能数出一个不可再分的"1"就算可以数
常见的不可数名词
Furniture家具, luggage行李, baggage行李, Information信息, News新闻, advice建议, kmowledge知识, homework作业, progress进步, work工作，活儿,paper纸, equipment设备, money钱, change零钱, food食物, water水, music音乐, joy快乐, hair头发, traffic交通
不可数：纸撕开还是纸，头发剪断还是头发，无法定义出"1"
所有格
LiHui's photo.
要所属照片归李辉。
I can't remember all students' names。
动词如何变名词
同根词/词后缀
Introduce——Introduction
I'm reading the introduction of the book
doing/动词
Introduce——Introducing
I am looking forward to introducing the new movie to you
to do
I want to study Japanese
to study Japanese是做want的宾语
the+ done
The __(wound)should be taken good care of.
v+er v+ee
employer,interviewer,trainer(施动者) employee ,interviewee,trainee(受动者
谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
谓语考什么
时态(先判断意思，再选择相应的时态形式)
一般现在
"常态"
吃，喝，拉，睡
经常，真的，是…的，老
LiHui teaches English.
一般过去
讲故事
动作发生在过去，句子也在描述过去。
曾经，当时，刚刚，
李辉老师去年已经读了100本书：只有一个动词
现在完成
吹牛逼
动作发生在过去，句子却在描述现在
已经
过去完成
发生在did之前
I told you I had written a book.
之前，之前已经
过去将来
发生在did的将来
I told you I would write a book
会
过去，将来时一般用于told,said
只跟did有关系，现在有没有不知道，有没有完成，不知道
一般将来时
will do
无计划无预谋
Be going to do
有计划有预谋
Be to do /be about to do
立刻，马上
"威逼利诱句型"
祈使句+and /or +sb will do sth Come here and I will kiss you Come here or i'll kill you
and"那么"
or"否则"
"主将从现/主情从现/主祈从现"
【时间状从/条件状从】if/unless / as long as/ when /as soon as
I will do it if you want me to.
I can do it if you want me do.
Kiss me, if you love me.
""时间表"用一般时表将来
火车，飞机，上学放学， 商店开门关门，电影上映
A:When 1.does the next train come? B:It usually 2. comes(come) at 9.00,but today it 3.is coming/will come(come) 20 minutes later because of the heavy rain.
1,2表示时刻表(计划的，用一般是表将来)3.是非计划的，直接用将来时或者用进行时表将来
"点动作"用进行时表将来
【瞬间动词】Come，go，arrive，leave，enter， die, end,Start， begin
The old man is dying
各种进行时
在某一时间点"正在做"
I will be flying to Shanghai at this time tomorrow afternoon
时间点
完成进行时
一直做一直做，一直做，一直做， 已经做了很长时间了还在做
Have been doing
到现在为止一直做
Had been doing
到过去某时间点为止一直做
被动
be/get done
谓语动词的被动是be done/get down 非谓语动词的被动是done/ being done/ to be done /having been done
虚拟“did” 【形式上在真实语境上加did】 (am/was+did=were)
常见句型
…——从句↓ 对现在的虚拟:I wish that sb did sth 对过去的虚拟:I wish that sb had done sth 对将来的虚拟:I wish that sb would do sth
同状语从句的as if/though 同表愿望的if only
I wish I were a bird. (am+did=were) I wish I had been to turkey. (Have been+did=had been) I wish I would go to the moon. (Will go +did+ would go)
If I were you，I would do sth.
如果我是你，我会做某事。
It is high/about time that sb did sth. It is high/about time that sb should do sth. 【should不可省】
真的到了某人做某事的时间了
Without you， sb would do sth (如果没有你某人就会做某事)【将来】 Without you， sb would have done sth(如果没有你，某人就会已经做了某事)【过去】
But for you ,sb would do sth (如果没有你某人就会做某事)【将来】 But for you， sb would have done sth (如果没有你，某人就会已经做了某事)【过去】
Otherwise，sb would do sth (否则我人就会做某事)【将来】 Otherwise，sb would have done sth (否则某人就会已经做某事。)【过去】
You saved me.Otherwise, i wound have died.
一坚持/二命令/三建议/四要求+(that)+sb.(should)do. eg:I suggested (that) you(should) go home.【名词性从句】
不用虚拟语气： insist坚持认为【事情已经发生了】 suggest表示暗示表明
insist,/order,command, /suggest,advice recommend,/ask,require(客观要求),request(下级对上级的请求),demand(上级对下级的命令)
只是让你做这件事，你做不做还不知道，只是在脑子里想。
urge催促
Would rather+ sb did sth 对现在/将来的虚拟 would rather +sb had done sth。 对过去的虚拟
in case,for fear that,Lest,In order that ,so that【目的状语从句虚拟】
In case (should /would/ might /may/can)+do sth
虚拟条件句， "如果…就"
三大口诀
主过将|从过
I would go, if I were you.
现在平台上的虚拟
主过将完|从过完
I would have come, if I had known about their party.
过去时间平台上的虚拟
主过将|从should/were
I would buy you a gift, if I should travel to American.
将来时间平台上的虚拟
错综时间虚拟语气 【主句从句不在一个时间平台上】
条件句 主句 ①现反 … —— 过反 ②过反 … —— 现反 ③过反 … —— 将反
①如果我是你【现反】，我过去会…【过反】
子主题
②如果你过去努力【过反】，你现在就成功了。【现反】
If I you had study hard，I would succeed now.
③如果过去不下那么大的雨，【过反】将来会有好收成。【将反】
含蓄条件句
不带if，但是依然表示“条件”
Without，but for ，otherwise
条件句的省略形式
【把if去掉，把住助，系，情，提前】 were/had/should
I would go if I were you
Were I you，I would go！
I would have come ,if I had known about the party.
Had I known about the party I would have come.
I would buy you a gift ,if i should travel to America.
Should I travel to America，i'd buy you a gift.
I would be a scientist now ,if I had studied harder.
Had I studied hard,I would be a scientist now.
主谓一致(主语的单复数决定谓语的形式)
主语是单数，谓语也得是单数
My family is a big one【一个集合】
主语是复数，谓语也得是复数
My family are watching TV.【一堆元素】
非谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
当某个单句中已有谓语动词的时候，就需要加上非谓语动词
非谓语考什么
七大最常考形式【形式不一样，意思就不一样， 我们要学会根据意思判断形式】
主动:doing
Smiling, Tom worked in.
被动:done
Beaten,Tom worked in.
要做/去做/未做:to do
To finish his his homework,Tom turned to jerry for help.
关注to do的固定用法
【及物动词作宾语】: afford，agree, arrange, ask, beg ,care, choose,decide ,demand, determine, expect, fear ,help(to),Hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare,pretend, promise,refuse,wish,want 【不及物动词作状语】: aim,fail ,long, happen碰巧做 struggle,hesitate
Sb. is said/ reported /expected to do
【形容词+to do】
I am happy to do sth.
喜怒哀乐惊 好坏和难易
英语难学结构
English is hard(for us) to study.【us(我们)学习用主动，for us 省略了】
作业要做结构
I have homework( for me) to do.【自己做作业】
I have clothing (for me)to wash.【自己洗衣服】
I have homework to be done 【谁做都行,可能别人帮我做】
I have clothing to be washed.【别人帮我洗衣服】
only+to do
表示令人惊讶的结果。“结果却…”
He went home only to find everything stolen.
要被做:to be done
Everyone wants to be praised.【每个人都想要被表扬。】
之前做:having done
Having eaten in this restaurant before,Tom refused to come again.
之前被做:having been done 【只能做状语，不能做定语】
Having been beaten badly，【修饰整句话】Tom refused to come again.
正在被做:being done
Being scolded by his father，Tom felt sad.
三大从句
什么地方用
从【充当的成分】来看
当名词用
名词性从句
主，宾，表，同(用名词解释名词)
含有同位语从句的主句并不缺名词， 同位语别看它是名词，其实是修饰成分
当形容词用
定语从句
当副词用
状语从句
从【主句完整性】角度来看
如果主句缺名词
主从
That Tom is ugly is true.
宾从
We all know that Tom is ugly.
表从
The fact is that Tom is ugly.
如果主句不缺名词
同从
I know the fact that Tom is ugly. 【同位语从句也叫“内容从句”】
That 在同位语从句中相当于连词，不做成分。
用来解释先行词的“内容”
同从的先行词是“抽象名词”
News ，fact，Idea，report，answer，question ,opinion
定从
I know the fact that Tom said.
【用来对先行词“修饰限定”】
定从的先行词是任意名词
状从
明确给出主句的时间/地点/原因/结果/方式/目的/条件/让步/比较等,把主句变“壮大”.
I read English
when I am free.
本来没说时间，现在加上了时间。
Where others play.
本来没说地点，现在加上了地点。
Because I want to study abroad.
本来没说原因，现在加上原因。
状从用来修饰主句这件“事儿”
从句考什么
根据意思选引导词 1.有哪些引导词 2.分别是啥意思 3.有啥特殊要求
名词性从句
【连词】 从句本身不缺名词
that
不翻译
“说”
…那件事
if
是否/与否
只能用于
vt的宾从
I wonder if Tom is ugly.
带形式主语it的主从
It's puzzles me if Tom is ugly.
weather
是否/与否
到处都能用,特别爱跟or not搭配,而if不行
eg:The question is whether Tom is ugly.
【连接副词】 从句本身不缺名词 “问我的外号”
when
…的那个时间
I forgot when I should be back.
where
…的那个地方
I forgot where I met her.
why
…的那个原因
I forget why he left.
how
…那个方式
I wonder how I can go home.
怎么
I wonder how I can go home.
多么
I am surprised at how ugly Tom is.
【连接代词】 从句一般缺名词 “俩人俩物”
who(主/宾)
…的那个人
Who killed Tom is still a mystery.
whom宾
…的那个人
I wonder whom Tom killed.
which
哪个
There are three apples, I don't know which you like.
【有选择范围】
what
…的那个东西
I don't know what I can do.
【没有选择范围】
什么
I don't know what I can do.
例外
Which和what修饰名词
I don't know which student broke the glass.
I don't know what fruit you like.
如何用“的那个”翻译大法秒杀名词性引导词的选择？ 1.跳过引导词直接翻译从句的内容 2.加上引导词的意思(看加谁最舒服)
定语从句 【主句中有一个名词，然后 用从句对他进一步做解释】
特殊关系词
【关系代词】 从句缺名词
他/它/他们
Who
LiHui is a teacher who teaches English.
Whom
Tom is the teacher whom we beat everyday.
Which
Tom never wears a thing which makes him different Tom从来不穿让他/它与众不同的东西
限制性定语从句只能修饰名词.
Town never wears a thing，which makes him different. Tom从来不穿东西,这件事让他与众不同
非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词，也可以修饰句子。【把整个主句当做一个名词来用】
that
Tom never wears a thing that makes him different.
LiHui is a teacher that teaches English.
that的用法口诀"人物绝不避人物"
关代判断法则 (语法填空)
逗号或介词后不用that，其余都用that
Tom is a teacher __ teaches maths.
答:that
Tom has a car __ is stolen.
答:that
逗号后，人用who，物用which
Tom is a teacher, __is ugly.
答:who
Tom has the car,__ is ugly.
答:which
介词后，人用whom，物用which
Tom has a girlfriend with__ he often quarrels.
答:whom
Tom has a car in__ he often quarrels with his girlfriend.
答:which
【关系副词】 从句不缺名词 (非时间即地点)
when
那会儿
I still remember the day when we were young.
where
在那儿
I still remember the farm where we played together.
关副解题技巧
why引导的定从只修饰名词reason,when和where足“非时间即地点”
I have reached a point in my career___ I have to decide what to do next.
注意:定语从句中没有what,how
状语从句
本质:背单词，30多个
Only if只有如果…才… As if As though Even if Even though As long as because
状语从句的主句和从句一般都是完整的句子。因此没有什么结构规律值得分析，只需要记住常见引导词的意思
从句知识大总结
1.如果主句不完整，则从句是主从/宾从/表从。
2.如果主句完整，则从句是同从/定从/状从。
3.如果从句不完整，则引导词是代词。
4.如果从句完整，则引导词是连词或副词。
冠词用法
翻译法
翻译成“一，个，一个”用a/an
翻译成“内，内个”用the
特指泛指分析法
特指:明确知道说的是哪个
泛指:随便的一个，或一类中的一个
有the表具体, 无the表抽象(表功能)
In hospital在住院 In the hospital在医院里
play basketball/ chess
play the piano
In the universe【宇宙独一无二】在宇宙中 in space在无限的太空中 in the space在某一具体空间中
play Pipa
In front of the bus在外部的前边 in the front of the bus在内部的前边
副词
什么地方用
修饰动词
be后
Tom is really ugly.
实前
Tom really likes bananas.
助实间
Tom should really stop smoking.
修饰整句
Unfortunately，Tom died.
修饰形容词/副词
Tong is really ugly.
Tom runs really fast.
副词考什么
adj.+ly=adv.
LiHui is __(surprise) handsome.
副词的比较级/最高级
碰到as选原级
碰到than选比较级
in /of/among最高级
形容词
什么地方用
定语
修饰名词
放在名词前
I want to tell you an interesting story.
如果跟其他东西搭配，共同修饰一个名词。 则需可放在名词后。【强调对我来说有趣】
This is a story interesting for me.
修饰不定代词
放在不定代词之后
I want to tell you something interesting.
不定代词:Something，somebody,anything,anybody,nothing
表语
表语就是“主语的表现”The story is interesting.
常见的表语形容词【只能做表语的形容词】
Alike alould asleep alive alone
补语
I will make you happy.
补语是主干结构
形容词考什么
名词如何变形容词
-less
-ful
同根词
动词如何变形容词
doing
令人…
exciting
done
感到…
-able
eatable
形容词的比较级最高级
碰到as选原级
LiHui is as handsome as Wu Yanzu.
碰到than选比较级
LiHui is more handsome than Wu yanzu.
in/of/among最高级
LiHui is the most handsome man(among/of all human beings) in the world.
并列
A=B 结构相同 含义相似
A and B
肯定句
I like Tom and Jerry.
A or B
否定句
I don't like Tom or Jerry.
not only A but (also )B
I am not only handsome but also clever.
I like not only singing but also dancing.
Tom not only teaches Chinese but also eats rats.
Tom run not only fast but also steady.
Tom works not only in Beijing but also in Tianjin.
A as well as B
I like Tom as well as Jerry.
介词的用法
背:介词的搭配
介词的含义
in
范围里
Arrive in+大地方
In the evening
on
吸附
特定某一天/特定的上午，下午，晚上
a lecture on science
at
点
Look at
aim at
arrive at +小地点
to
终点
go to school
Look forward to XXX
for
为(因为，为了)
Look for 【为…而看，寻找】
leave for Beijing 因为北京而离开
“花”花钱/花时间
I bought this book for ten dollars.
for a long time
of
“修饰”
a book of stories
be made of 【能看到原材料】
“所属”
one of us
from
“离开”
come from ShangDong
be made from(看不见原材料)
over
正上方/越过
through
介质中/穿过
across
平面上/经过
under
“正下方”
above
上方,(不一定正上方)
below
下方(不一定正下方)
beneath
下方贴着
beyond
超越
Beyond my imagination
with
伴随着
with+简单工具，表“简单使用”
by
倚靠
by+复杂工具，表示“复杂使用”
交通工具
against
对着，怼
warn sb.against
guarantee sb.against sth 保证某人免于…
into
往里(动态)
进入
成为
change into
out of
往外(动态)
get out of here
在外面(静态)
stand out of
out of control
about
在周围
They fly about the bushes
关于
Let's talk about books.
around
在周围
代词
什么地方用
有的地方拿代词当名词用
I,me, my ,myself
子主题
有的地方拿代词当形容词用
my
代词考什么
考翻译
I 我(主语)
me 我 (宾语)
my 我的(形容词)
mine 我的(名词)
myself 我自己 (名词)
eg:Tom is looking for___(he) he mother.【his】
when
疑问句
什么时候？
When will you be back？
名词性从句
什么时候/…的那个时间
I don't know where you will be back.
定语从句
那会儿
I look forward to the day when you will be back.
状语从句
当…时
I will tell you a story when you come back.
正在这时，突然
Tom was taking a shower when a girl came in.
where
疑问句
什么地方/哪里
Where did you go?
名词性从句
什么地方/…的那个地方
I don't know where you went.
Where you will go is a wide area.
定语从句
在那儿
I went to a park where I met Tom.
状语从句
在…的地方
Where there is a will，there is a way.
浮动主题