英语词类思维导图

英语十大词类详解思维导图，包括名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等。具体如何使用，不妨点击下图查看。

英语词类思维导图 名，动，形，代，副 介，连，冠，感，数

• 动词揭秘
  • 谓语 时态变换
    • 实义动词
      • 1、也叫行为动词， 2、主要表示主动词的家族成员
        • 及物动词
          • 可以直接带宾语的动词,在句中必须带宾语
            • ask some questions love our country hate housework say goodbye eat an apple do homework
        • 不及物动词
          • 不可以直接带宾语的动词,在句中不带宾语,必须带时需加介词才可以带。
            • look at the photo listen to the music wait for a bus live in the builiding in Shanghai
        • 瞬间动词
          • 1.不能与短段时间连用。 2.瞬间动词用进行表将来
        • 延续性动词
          • 动作延续性发生
    • 联系动词
      • 1、也叫连系动词， 2、可以和表语共同构成谓语，主要表示主语的状态
    • 助动词
      • 1、助动词也叫辅助动词，本身没有意义，不能独立 作谓语 2、帮助实义动词或系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定和疑问等结构
    • 情态动词
      • 1、指说话人的语气和态度的动词。 2、不可以独立作谓语，只能和实词义动词或系动词一起构成谓语 3、情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，和系动词或实义动词一齐构成谓语，即句子的“心脏”， 4、表示认得语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。 总结：表示情感、态度、能力、许可
        • 1、例子:can; could; may; might; must; will ;would; shall ; should; needn’t; had better 2、You (can keep) the book for two weeks. 3、(May) I (smoke )here? 4、We (must go )now. 5、You’(d better not stay up) too late
  • 非谓语 doing/to do
    • doing
      • 1、表示规律性的 2、正在做的 3、已经做的 4、同时做的 5、介词后的动作
        • miss doing 错过做某事 Mind doing 介意做某事
    • to do
      • 1,、表示个性化的 2、未做的 3、将来做的 4、疑问词词后的动作
        • ask to do要求做某事 want to do想去做某事 plan to do计划做某事 expect to do期望做某事 refuse to do拒绝做某事 promise to do承诺做某事
    • doing/to do/do
      • like
        • doing喜欢做某事
        • to do想要做某事
      • hate
        • doing讨厌做某事
        • to do不想要做某事
      • stop
        • doing停下现在做的事
        • to do停下手中的事，去做某事
      • forget
        • doing忘记做过某事
        • to do忘记去做某事
      • try
        • doing试着做某事
        • to do努力做某事
      • see
        • doing正在看某事
        • do看到某事的结果
      • notice 注意到
        • doing正在注意某事
        • do注意到某事的全过程
    • 位置
      • 谓语后
        • 谓语后 1. I want_ to eat _(eat) an apple. 2. My father promised___to buy____(buy) me a new bike yesterday. 3. Our teacher likes____playing___(play) the piano very much. 4. My brother enjoys___listening____(listen) light music. 5. We hope___to see____(see) you soon.
      • 介词后
        • 1. Thanks for___helping____me so much!(help) 2. We are interested in___swimming____.(swim) 3. Are you good at__playing_____tennis?(play) 4. She is afraid of_____going__out alone.(go) 5. Trees can stop the wind from___blowing__ away the earth.(blow) 6. What about___watching____TV now?(watch) 7. I went to school without___having____breakfast.(have)
      • 疑问词后
        • 1. I don't know what____to do___next.(do) 2. I haven't decided which one ___to choose____.(choose) 3. Do you know who____to go___with you?(go) 4. They don't know when___to leave____.(leave) 5. I'm thinking about where__to go_____for vacation this year.(go) 6. Can you tell me how___to get____to your home? (get)
      • 谓语前
        • 看电视太多对眼睛有害。 Watching_______TV too much is bad for our eyes. 吸烟有害健康。 _Smoking______is bad for your health. 游泳是我最喜爱的运动。 Swimming is my favorite sport.
    • 特殊记
• 介词
  • 时间介词
    • in 在一短时间里，大时间 on 时间具体某一天 at 具体某个点 during 在。。期间 since自从 for 长达，持续
      • in 2018 on Sunday at 8 during the day She has worked here since 2016. We have lived in New York for two years.
  • 地点介词
    • in 大地点 in China in Baotou in the world at 小地点 at the zoo at the swimming pool on 在。。上；on the farm on the earth on the playground
  • 方位介词
    • on 在上面，接通 There is a dictionary on the desk. over在上方垂直 The bridge over the river above 在上方Raise your arms above your head. under 下面They’re playing chess under the tree. below 下方，下面The coat reaches below the knees. through 内部穿过The road goes through the forest. on 在上面，接通 There is a dictionary on the desk. above 在上方Raise your arms above your head. under 下面They’re playing chess under the tree. below 下方，下面The coat reaches below the knees. through 内部穿过The road goes through the forest. across 横穿 Can you swim across the river?
    • in 在内部 Inner Mongolia is in the north of China. on 相邻接壤，方位相邻 India lies on the southwest of China. to不接壤 Australia lies to the southeast of China. between 两只之间I’m usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. among三者、多者之间It’s quite a pleasure to walk among the trees.
  • 方式介词
    • by 通过、由Most students go to school by bike. in 以..方式Can you say it in English ? on 以..方式Let’s go to the cinema on foot . with 用（工具）We can see anything with our eyes. at 以...(价格、速度）The car ran at 180 miles an hour.
  • 方向介词
    • for为了，目的，原因 I am leaving for Shanghai tonight to朝着，朝向 go to the park point to from 来自、起源from home to school
  • 其他介词
    • Wth/withou（不）随，带，拿，有，长，穿 The girl with sunglasses is my sister against预防、抵御、反对、对抗 Place a ladder against the wall. except 不计、除了I must go to work except Sundays
  • 特殊情况
    • 注意：不用介词表达时间的情况 1. 当表示试讲的词前有：this,that,next,last时； 2. 当表示时间的词前有：one,any,each,every,some 3. 副词前无介词
• 连词
  • 并列连词:连接并列成分或并列句
    • 1）并列连词:表示递进、顺接、并列
      • and 、 both ...and 、neither...or not only ...but also
        • 1. My uncle lives and works in Chongqing. 2. Be careful and you’ll make fewer mistakes. 3. He went to the market and bought some vegetables. 4. I have neither time nor money for the ball. 5. Both he and his parents are very happy about the changes. 6. Not only Jane but also Peter is warm-hearted.
    • 1）并列连词：表示转折
      • 例词： but
        • Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming
    • 1）并列连词：表示选择、否则
      • 例词： or 、either ...or
        • Which do you prefer, white or grey? You can either join us or do it on your own. Get up right now ,or you'll be late again .
    • 1）并列连词 :表示原因
      • 例词： so 、 for
        • She wasn’t feeling well, so she stayed at home all day. She didn’t go to school yesterday , for she had a bad cold .
  • 从属连词:引导主从复合句
    • 2）从属连词 ：引导时间状语从句
      • 例词： when 、before 、after、as 、as soon as 、since
        • When I was young, I used to be very shy. Before six, he went to school. After school, we can take part in relaxing activities. As the children watched carefully, she ate her cold dinner. As soon as he arrives, we’ll start to work
    • 1）从属连词：引导原因状语从句
      • 例词： because
        • He didn’t attend classes yesterday, because he was ill
    • 2）从属连词：引导条件状语从句
      • 例词： if 、as long as、unless
        • I will give you a phone call if he comes . You can borrow my car as long as you promise to drive carefully. Unless you listen carefully, you won’t know the answer.
    • 2）从属连词 ：引导让步状语从句
      • 例词： although、though
        • Although he has lots of money, he is unhappy. He still went to school ,though he had a bad cold
    • 1）从属连词：引导比较状语从句
      • 例词： as ...as 、than
        • This film is as interesting as that one. Tom is taller than Sam (is) .
    • 1）从属连词：引导结果状语从句
      • 例词： so that
        • I’m studying hard so that I can go to a famous university.
• 名词
  • 分类
    • 专有名词
    • 普通名词
      • 可数名词
        • 个体名词
        • 集体名词
      • 不可数名词
        • 物质名词
        • 抽象名词
  • 名词的数
    • 一般变化
      • s x sh ch结尾+es buses boxes dishes 辅音+y结尾y→i+esfactory-factories 以后O结尾 +es heroes tomatoes potatoes +s photos pianos radios 部分以f/fe结尾f/fe→v+es knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives 含man与woman man→men woman-women +s German-Germans
    • 合成词
      • man/woman waiter--men/women waiters boy student--boy students story-teller--story-tellers housewife-housewives
    • 常以复数形式出现
      • clothes 衣服 glasses眼镜 goods商品 times 时代 lines台词 arms武器 manners礼貌
    • 单复数同形的
      • sheep绵羊 deer鹿 Chinese Japanese Swiss 瑞士人 means 方式 works 工厂;作品
  • .不可数名词的量
    • ①借助some， much , little , a lot of , plenty of 等来表达； ②用计量名词来表达-量词
  • 一词多义
    • room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 time 次数 时间 work 作品 工作 paper 试卷；论文；报纸 纸 orange 橘子橘汁； 橙色 exercise 练习 锻炼 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 fish 鱼；鱼的种类 鱼肉 experience经历 经验
  • 单复数意思不同的名词
    • sand 沙子 sands 沙滩 water 水——waters 水域 wood 木头 woods 树林 time 时间— times次数 cloth 布—clothes 衣服 work 工作；作品——works 工厂 green绿色;青春；新手——greens 青菜
  • 熟词辟义
    • add增加 补充说；接着说 lesson课 教训 air 空气 使通风 live居住 转播的 book书 预定 monitor班长 监视 build建造 体型 read读理解； 看懂 company公司 陪伴 spring春天泉水； 弹簧 date日期 约会 type类型 打字 develop发展； 培养冲洗（照片） work工作工厂； 作品；起效 draw画图 吸引 stand站忍受； 经受 grade年级分数； 等级 hold拿着； 举行认为；保持
  • 例题 （A） The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______. Aroofs; leavesB．rooves; leaves C．roof; leafD．roofs; leafs （A）Mr. Smith has two ______, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law （C）It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ________ journey. 　 A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour  D. three hours （C）Hurry up! Some _____ and _____ are on sale in the supermarket. A. tomato; eggB. tomatoes; egg C. tomatoes; eggsD. tomato; eggs （B）-Look! They are _____. -Yes. We are proud of them. A. man scientistB. women scientists C. woman scientistsD. man scientists （B）The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me ____. 　 A. many advice B. some advice D. some advices C. an advice （A）-What else do we need to make cold beef? -______. A. Two spoons saltB. Two spoons of salt C. Two spoons salts D. Two spoons of salts （C）-What would you like to eat? -Some ________, please. 　 A. breadB. carrotC. teasD. coffee
  • 名词的格
    • 有生命
      • -’s
      • -s’
    • 无生命
      • of
        • ①of+名词所有格
        • ②of +名词性物主代词
      • to
• 冠词
  • 可数名词单数
    • the
      • 表示特指
        • 上文提到 定语修饰 双方默认
    • a/an
      • 表示类别
      • 表示泛指
        • 单一，每一，一个，任一事物
  • 可数名词复数和不可数名词
    • the
      • 表示特指
        • 上文提到 定语修饰 双方默认
    • 零冠词
      • 表示泛指
        • 固定搭配习惯用法
      • 表示类别
        • 固定搭配，习惯用法
  • 不定冠词
    • 1，首次提到或表示数量类别
    • 指一类人或物
    • 在序数词前表示“再一，又一”
    • 1.感冒 have a cold 2.看一看 have a look 3.散步take a walk 4.试一试 have a try 5.休息 have a rest 6.匆忙in a hurry 7.玩的开心 have a good time 8.做鬼脸make a face
    • 1. a moment ago 刚才，一会儿前 2. have a fever发烧 3. for a while 一会儿 4. make a decision 做决定 5. in a minute 马上，立刻 6. give sb. a hand帮助某人 7. in a word 总之 8. make an apology 道歉 9. in a hurry 匆忙 10.take a message捎口信 11.as a result 结果 12.make a living谋生
  • 定冠词
    • 有定语修饰的名词 Do you know the man in blue?
    • 序数词和最高级前 The first page is as easy as the last one
    • the + adj. 表示一类人The rich should help the poor.
    • 独一无二的事物前The earth goes round the sun
    • the+姓氏复数表示一家人或夫妇 The Greens are on holiday now.
    • 由festival构成的特The Mid-Autumn Festival
    • 西洋乐器前Play the guitar play the piano
    • 1.in the end 终于，最终 2.by the way 顺便说一声 3.all the time 总是 4.at the age of 在。。。年龄 5.in the daytime 白天 6.in the 2020s 在21世纪 20年 7.at the end of 代在。。末尾 8.on the way to 去。。。路上 9.at the same time 同时 10.at the beginning of 开始 11. all the year round 终年
  • 零冠词
    • 三餐、球、棋类、学科、语言have lunch 星期、月份、季节、节日On Sunday 专有名词、不可数名词、抽象名词China 有this，my , some 等词修饰Some books 复数名词的泛指They are nurses. 不可数名词表示类别Light goes fast
    • by sea 乘船by the sea在海边 in class在上课in the class在班级里 at table在吃饭at the table在桌子旁 at school上学at the school在学校里 in hospital住院in the hospital在医院 in front of在前面in the front of在前面 go to school去上学go to the school到学校去
  • 特殊用法
    • 1. and 连接的两个名词指同一人或物时， 后一个名词不用任何冠词
    • 2. 若季节，月份， 星期等名词前有特定修饰语或特指某一季节、月份要用定冠词
    • 3. such / half /many + a(n) + 名词
    • 4. so/ too + adj. + a(n) + 名词
    • 5. quite /rather + a(n) + adj. + 名词   a(n) + very + adj. + 名词
• 数词
  • 1. In most countries , Thanksgiving is always on the fourth Thursday in November . (four ) 2. Tomorrow is my younger brother’s ninth birthday and I should buy him a special gift . (nine) second 78. The Sunday in May is Mother’s Day . Xiao Ming will buy her mother her favorite present . (two ) 12. Lucy is always the first to get to school as she lives close to her school . (one ) 79. The fire reached the thirtieth floor . But thanks to the firemen , it didn’t spread to any other buildings .(thirty ) ninetieth 80. We all flew to New York to celebrate my grandmother’s birthday last Friday . (nine) 81. ---I know your brother is a university student. ---You’re right . He is a good example to us all . He always gets the first prize in the university . (one ) 82. My grandfather is in his eithties , but he still keeps running every morning . (eight ) 83. It’s my teacher’s fortieth birthday today . I’d like to celebrate (庆祝) for her with my friends . (four) fifties 84. In the 1870s , when Marx was already in his , he found it important to study the situation(研究) in Russia. (five ) 85. Emmanuel Macron won the French presidential election（总统选举） in his thirties . (three ) second 86. Michael’s first public show was at a school program in his grade in 1963.(two) fifths 87.It's said that there are more than three children in China having after-school classes to improve their grades . (five ) fifth 88. Though the scientist failed in the fourth experiment , he tried a time. (five)
• 形，副与比较级
  • 形容词
    • 1名词+后缀（y）=形容词 2名词+后缀（ful）=形容词 3名词+后缀（ous）=形容词 4名词+后缀（ly）=形容词
    • 用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词
    • 1. What a beautiful girl! 作定语时放在名词的前面 2. I have something interesting to tell you. 3.This girl is young. 作表语放在系动词之后 4.Those rulers are long. 5.He often makes his father angry. 6.You must keep the classroom clean. 7. I find the story very interesting. 作宾语补足语放在宾语之后
  • 副词
    • 用来描述和修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子的词
    • 1形容词+后缀（ly）=副词
  • 形容词比较级与最高级
    • 一般情况词尾加-er，-est tall taller tallest
    • 以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st nice nicer nicest
    • 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的中毒闭音节，双写辅音字母后加-er，-est
    • 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i再加-er，-est
    • 多音节形容词和派生形容词（除辅音+y外）的词前加more，most
    • 特殊记
  • 副词的比较级与最高级
    • 单音节词词尾――er/est
    • 形容词+ly变来的副词前加more/most
  • 特殊用法
    • 1、A=B句式 A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B
    • 2、A>B句式 A+be+形容词比较级+than+B
    • 3、A<B句式 A+be+not+so/as+形容词原级+as+B
• 代词
  • 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词
  • 反身代词
    • dress oneself 自己穿 help oneself (to ) 请随便吃 enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 talk /say to oneself 自言自语 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 by oneself 独自 devote oneself to献身于 feel oneself觉得正常 be not oneself 身体不舒服
  • 不定代词
    • 复合不定代词常见用法: something可用于邀请、提议或请求的疑问句。 修饰复合不定代词的形容词，放在其后。 nothing else something interesting . 复合不定代词作主语是为第三人称单数。 复合不定代词的反义疑问句，指物主语常用it， 指人常用he 或they .
    • （B）1. --- One week’s time has been wasted. --- I can’t believe we did all that work for . A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything （B）2. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
    • it 作形式主语常用的句型结构 It is +adj. (+for sb. ) to do sth. It is +adj. (+of sb. ) to do sth. It's time for + n. / doing sth. It's time to do sth. It's one’s turn to do sth . It seems that … It is said (reported, learned....) that ... It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... It is certain that... sb. find /think /make + it +adj. + to do sth.
• 浮动主题